地铁不同场段分布对其规模分配和运营成本的影响

城市轨道交通的车辆段和停车场需要占用大量的城市土地,合理分配场段规模可以优化占地面积,提高运营效率。基于一场一段情况下,总结出不同接轨方案的场段规模分配计算方法,提出场段分布位置在线路中接近对称时,场段规模大致相等的研究结论。同时,提出地铁收发车空跑距离计算模型,并对不同场段分布对运营成本的影响因素进行分析,提出降低运营期间场段收发车空跑运营成本的途径。     

A fast-simplified wheel–rail contact model consistent with perfect plastic materials

A method is described which is an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity. This new method, which is an extension of the STRIPES semi-Hertzian (SH) model, has been implemented in a multi-body-system (MBS) package and does not result in a longer execution time than the STRIPES SH model [J.B. Ayasse and H. Chollet, Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions, Veh. Syst. Dyn. 43(3) (2005), pp. 161–172]. High speed of computation is obtained by some hypotheses about the plastic law, the shape of stresses, the locus of the maximum stress and the slip. Plasticity does not change the vehicle behaviour but there is a need for an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity as far as fatigue analysis of rail is concerned: rolling contact fatigue may be addressed via the finite element method (FEM) including material non-linearities, where loads are the contact stresses provided by the post-processing of MBS results [K. Dang Van, M.H. Maitournam, Z. Moumni, and F. Roger, A comprehensive approach for modeling fatigue and fracture of rails, Eng. Fract. Mech. 76 (2009), pp. 2626–2636]. In STRIPES, like in other MBS models, contact stresses may exceed the plastic yield criterion, leading to wrong results in the subsequent FEM analysis. With the proposed method, contact stresses are kept consistent with a perfect plastic law, avoiding these problems. The method is benchmarked versus non-linear FEM in Hertzian geometries. As a consequence of taking plasticity into account, contact patch area is bigger than the elastic one. In accordance with FEM results, a different ellipse aspect ratio than the one predicted by Hertz theory was also found and finally pressure does not exceed the threshold prescribed by the plastic law. The method also provides more exact results with non-Hertzian geometries. The new approach is finally compared with non-linear FEM in a tangent case with a unidirectional load and a complete slip: when plasticity is taken into account, and for large adhesion values, friction forces have an influence on the size of the contact patch. The proposed approach enables also to assess extensively the level of plasticity along a track through an indicator associated with a given yield stress.     

论驼峰溜放车辆走行阻力与速度控制

驼峰溜放车辆的走行阻力包括车辆本身的阻力、线路阻力、空气阻力,以及调速设备的残余阻力等,它们在溜放车辆的走行过程中,参与了调速设备对车辆的速度控制,而且它们对速度的“控制”是人们无法干预的,是复杂而多变的,故对车辆的正常调速起到了干扰作用,使调车作业的效果受到一定影响.文中重点阐述了车辆走行阻力的基本情况,同时对车辆溜行速度控制产生偏差进行了分析.     

改善铁道车辆车内环境的空调装置

以通勤、近郊型电动车安装的空调装置为实例，介绍了空调装置的结构、控制内容，阐述了根据实车内的环境监控，提高空调机组的控制性能，以达到改善车内环境的目的。     

Shear forces in the contact patch of a braked-racing tyre

This article identifies tyre modelling features that are fundamental to the accurate simulation of the shear forces in the contact patch of a steady-rolling, slipping and cambered racing tyre. The features investigated include contact patch shape, contact pressure distribution, carcass flexibility, rolling radius (RR) variations and friction coefficient. Using a previously described physical tyre model of modular nature, validated for static conditions, the influence of each feature on the shear forces generated is examined under different running conditions, including normal loads of 1500, 3000 and 4500 N, camber angles of 0° and?3°, and longitudinal slip ratios from 0 to?20%. Special attention is paid to heavy braking, in which context the aligning moment is of great interest in terms of its connection with the limit-handling feel. The results of the simulations reveal that true representations of the contact patch shape, carcass flexibility and lateral RR variation are essential for an accurate prediction of the distribution and the magnitude of the shear forces generated at the tread–road interface of the cambered tyre. Independent of the camber angle, the contact pressure distribution primarily influences the shear force distribution and the slip characteristics around the peak longitudinal force. At low brake-slip ratios, the friction coefficient affects the shear forces in terms of their distribution, while, at medium to high-slip ratios, the force magnitude is significantly affected. On the one hand, these findings help in the creation of efficient yet accurate tyre models. On the other hand, the research results allow improved understanding of how individual tyre components affect the generation of shear forces in the contact patch of a rolling and slipping tyre.     

船舶参数激励非线性随机横摇运动分析

研究了随机纵浪中船舶的参数激励横摇运动。将船舶初稳性高作为时变的随机参数激励,应用随机平均法和FPK方程,分析了船舶的参数激励横摇运动微分方程。考虑航速、船舶瞬时湿表面积及随机波浪,建立了船舶横摇幅值概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值的计算方法。以某渔政船为例,计算了不同航速时船舶随机横摇幅值的概率密度、概率分布函数及其均值。结果表明,参数激励谱峰频率为横摇固有频率的2倍时,发生主参数共振,船舶横摇严重,船舶倾覆发生的概率增加。     

匈牙利布达佩斯机场快线车辆选型分析

作为轨道交通范畴的市域铁路,在前期规划研究中做好车辆选型,直接关系到工程建设成本和整个系统的运营效益。以匈牙利布达佩斯机场快线为例,着重针对机场快线的主要特征、系统制式、供电系统、资源共享等方面,通过对轨道交通市域线中车辆选型要点的分析,提出适合本线的车辆选型方案。     

最近的铁道车辆技术

介绍了日本铁道综合技术研究所在铁道车辆技术方面的5项课题中所取得的成就,包括导向转向架、客车车厢内的降噪技术、车辆的动力学仿真、永磁同步电动机、车辆技术开发过程中用于闭环仿真的硬件等。其中前景看好的永磁同步电动机已取得了很大进展。     

机车车辆风档标准技术参数研究

介绍了机车车辆风档标准制定中有关要求和技术参数的确定依据,结合风档的主要结构形式及其应用情况,对风档结构和相关标准进行了分析研究,并对标准工作提出了建议.     

基于神经网络方法的台试轮胎滚动阻力模型研究

采用反拖测试方法,在双滚筒式底盘测功机上进行了大量有关轮胎滚动阻力影响因素(包括胎压、速度、载荷、胎温及轮胎的型号等)的交叉试验。以这些因素作为神经网络的训练输入参数,建立了台试轮胎滚动阻力神经网络模型。通过试验验证,用神经网络模型预估基于双滚筒测试的轮胎滚动阻力误差小于4%,为利用底盘测功机准确测试汽车动力性等工作奠定了基础。