一种半自动的基于图像建模系统

针对目前各种类型航海模拟器的虚拟建模效率较低与真实感较差等问题,设计与实现了一种基于多幅图像及少量用户交互恢复物体三维几何模型的系统.本系统采用稳定性好的改进Har-ris算子进行角点检测,基于角点空间特征及交叉相关实现角点的初始匹配;采用基于极线约束的角点匹配快速算法完成角点的精匹配,同时引入迭代和人工辅助修正的方法解决匹配算法的退化情况.在角点匹配结果基础上进行仿射重建,通过升级矩阵实现度量重建,在OpenGL环境下绘制出物体的三维模型框架.从原图像中抽取纹理并采用多视角图像融合的方法进行纹理映射,得到"照片级"真实感的三维模型.     

Investigating empirical implications of hysteresis in day-to-day travel time variability

Day-to-day travel time variability plays a significant role in travel time reliability. Nowadays, travelers not only seek to minimize their travel time on average, but also value its variation. The variation in the mean and the variance of travel time (across days, for the same departure time) has not been thoroughly investigated. A temporary decrease in capacity (e.g. congestion caused by an active bottleneck) leads to a quite significant difference in the variance of travel time for congestion onset and offset periods. This phenomenon results in hysteresis loops where the departure time periods in congestion offset exhibit a higher travel time variance than the ones in congestion onset with the same mean travel time. The aim of this paper is to identify empirical implications that yield to the hysteresis phenomenon in day-to-day travel times. First, empirical hysteresis loop observations are provided from two different freeway sites. Second, we investigate the potential link with the hysteresis observed in traffic networks on macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD). Third, we build a piecewise linear function that models the evolution of travel time within the day. This allows us to decompose the problem into its components, e.g. start time of congestion, peak travel time, etc. These components, along with their probability distribution functions, are employed in a Monte Carlo simulation model to investigate their partial effects on the existence of hysteresis. Correlation among critical variables is the most influential factor in this phenomenon, which should be further investigated regarding traffic flow and traffic equilibrium principles.     

高速铁路基本走向决策方法和模型

分析了高速铁路基本走向方案比选特点，应用较为成熟的AHP主观赋权法作为指标权重分配计算方法，运用多目标决策分析原理，综合多种系统评价方法提出了一种高速铁路基本走向决策方法，并建立了优选模型，决策者可以根据具体情况灵活地进行方案的评价与排序，使方案决策具有针对性。实践证明该决策方法和模型能利用全部信息，排序结果能够比较客观地符合高速铁路基本走向选择的实际情况。     

Deriving macroscopic fundamental diagrams from probe data: Issues and proposed solutions

Well-defined relationships between flow and density averaged spatially across urban traffic networks, more commonly known as Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFDs), have been recently verified to exist in reality. Researchers have proposed using MFDs to monitor the status of urban traffic networks and to inform the design of network-wide traffic control strategies. However, it is also well known that empirical MFDs are not easy to estimate in practice due to difficulties in obtaining the requisite data needed to construct them. Recent works have devised ways to estimate a network’s MFD using limited trajectory data that can be obtained from GPS-equipped mobile probe vehicles. These methods assume that the market penetration level of mobile probe vehicles is uniform across the entire set of OD pairs in the network; however, in reality the probe vehicle market penetration rate varies regionally within a network. When this variation is combined with the imbalance of probe trip lengths and travel times, the compound effects will further complicate the estimation of the MFD.To overcome this deficit, we propose a method to estimate a network’s MFD using mobile probe data when the market penetration rates are not necessarily the same across an entire network. This method relies on the determination of appropriate average probe penetration rates, which are weighted harmonic means using individual probe vehicle travel times and distances as the weights. The accuracy of this method is tested using synthetic data generated in the INTEGRATION micro-simulation environment by comparing the estimated MFDs to the ground truth MFD obtained using a 100% market penetration of probe vehicles. The results show that the weighted harmonic mean probe penetration rates outperform simple (arithmetic) average probe penetration rates, as expected. This especially holds true as the imbalance of demand and penetration level increases. Furthermore, as the probe penetration rates are generally not known, an algorithm to estimate the probe penetration rates of regional OD pairs is proposed. This algorithm links count data from sporadic fixed detectors in the network to information from probe vehicles that pass the detectors. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is very effective. Since the data needed to apply this algorithm are readily available and easy to collect, the proposed algorithm is practically feasible and offers a better approach for the estimation of the MFD using mobile probe data, which are becoming increasingly available in urban environments.     

A probabilistic stationary speed–density relation based on Newell’s simplified car-following model

Probabilistic models describing macroscopic traffic flow have proven useful both in practice and in theory. In theoretical investigations of wide-scatter in flow–density data, the statistical features of flow density relations have played a central role. In real-time estimation and traffic forecasting applications, probabilistic extensions of macroscopic relations are widely used. However, how to obtain such relations, in a manner that results in physically reasonable behavior has not been addressed. This paper presents the derivation of probabilistic macroscopic traffic flow relations from Newell’s simplified car-following model. The probabilistic nature of the model allows for investigating the impact of driver heterogeneity on macroscopic relations of traffic flow. The physical features of the model are verified analytically and shown to produce behavior which is consistent with well-established traffic flow principles. An empirical investigation is carried out using trajectory data from the New Generation SIMulation (NGSIM) program and the model’s ability to reproduce real-world traffic data is validated.     

大型铁路技术装备2008国际展览会——第二部分(待续)

发表于本刊上一期的 InnoTrans2008展览会述评的第一部分主要是介绍了在展览会露天展区上展出的整体机车车辆产品。在本述评的第二部分中则由从事机车车辆零部件生产、铁路基础装备、通信信号和站场设备研发的公司介绍其展品。在展览会上展示出的产品,它们的总休特征是均符合国际标准,这样就可以使生产厂商以最大标准化程度的产品,扩大其销售市场。     

Robust constrained control of uncertain macroscopic fundamental diagram networks

This paper considers modeling and control of uncertain Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) systems for multiple-region networks. First, the nonlinear vehicle conservation equations based on MFD dynamics, presented in earlier publications, are transformed to linear equations with parameter uncertainties. The parameter uncertainties include the destination decomposition fractions, that are difficult to estimate in reality. Then, the uncertain linear model is utilized to design a robust feedback controller by an interpolation-based approach. This approach (i) guarantees robustness against all parameter uncertainties, (ii) handle control and state constraints, and (iii) present a computationally cheap solution. The main idea is to interpolate between (i) a stabilizing outer controller that respects the control and state constraints and (ii) an inner robustly stable controller designed by any method. The robust control is further challenged to deal with different relative locations of reference accumulation points on the MFD diagrams. Numerical results for a two-region system show that the uncertain linear model can replace the nonlinear model for modeling and control. Moreover, the robust control law is presented as implicit and explicit solutions, where in the implicit case one linear programming (LP) problem is solved at each time instant, while in the explicit case, the control law is shown as a piecewise affine function of state. Finally, a comparison between the interpolating controller and other controllers in the literature is carried out. The results demonstrate the performance advantages from applying the robust interpolating controller.     

道路通行权的范畴及行使方法

道路通行权是人的基本权利,对此新型权利存在着界定的必要性。速度优先与行人优先、合理性差别与歧视性待遇、平等观与强弱观等范畴是道路通行权设置时必须斟酌的内容。行使道路通行权须满足相应的条件,行使条件的设置须符合宪法的要求、行政法基本原则及道路通行的目的。道路通行权的行使中应当明确享有绝对通行权的区域、减少相对通行权的区域、鼓励公共交通主体的优先通行、控制占用权的行使几率等。     

基于振动信号和小波变换的转速测量方法研究

通过分析发动机振动信号的基频与转速之间的数学关系,设计了基于LabVIEW的采集系统,利用小波变换的方法提取振动信号的基频,提出了一种精度高、易于实现的发动机瞬时转速检测算法,并通过试验验证了该方法的可行性.经过与实际转速比较,该算法的误差率在1%以内,准确性和鲁棒性均符合测量求,具有重要的实用价值.