考虑前后车速度和减速幅度的元胞自动机模型

三相交通流理论和基本图方法对自由流到拥挤流的相变过程提出不同的解释,双方争议至今没有解决.基于典型慢启动模型规则,本文提出一个考虑前后车速度和减速幅度的交通流元胞自动机模型来探讨自由流到拥挤流的相变.新慢启动模型的减速幅度大小与前车速度相关,两个减速幅度值分别对应缓慢减速和急减速.新慢启动模型的数值模拟结果表明：同一密度值对应的交通状态可能是自由流,也可能是拥挤流;小堵塞集团可以稳定存在于道路系统并有同步的趋势;当道路系统中存在大量不考虑舒适驾驶并倾向于急减速的车辆,在此条件下,三相交通流理论提出的紧致压缩效应不具有合理性,自由流状态可以直接相变为堵塞状态.     

基于宏观基本图的相邻子区协调控制方法

为了提升道路网整体运行效益,克服针对单个控制子区的最优化控制可能造 成的拥堵转移,本研究基于宏观基本图的概念,建立控制子区间驶入驶出交通量的协调 控制模型.该模型以两个相邻控制子区为对象,考虑各子区自身宏观基本图特征及交通量 流入流出关系.在运用博弈论对其相互作用进行描述的基础上,提出了一种以两个子区整 体运行效益最大化为目标的博弈控制逻辑及其求解流程.通过VS2010 对所建立的博弈进 行仿真,验证了模型的可行性及控制效果.研究表明,不同的控制策略对相邻小区的运行 水平（收益）会造成不同的影响,但经多次博弈后,两相邻控制子区整体运行状况可稳定 在一个最佳水平.博弈结果显示路网容量相对较小的控制子区更应受到保护,当内部车辆 数达到最佳车辆数时应对其进行流入限制.     

Marginal cost congestion pricing based on the network fundamental diagram

Congestion pricing schemes have been traditionally derived based on analytical representations of travel demand and traffic flows, such as in bottleneck models. A major limitation of these models, especially when applied to urban networks, is the inconsistency with traffic dynamics and related phenomena such as hysteresis and the capacity drop. In this study we propose a new method to derive time-varying tolling schemes using the concept of the Network Fundamental Diagram (NFD). The adopted method is based on marginal cost pricing, while it also enables to account realistically for the dynamics of large and heterogeneous traffic networks. We derive two alternative cordon tolls using network-aggregated traffic flow conditions: a step toll that neglects the spatial distribution of traffic by simply associating the marginal costs of any decrease in production within the NFD to the surplus of traffic; and a step toll that explicitly accounts for how network performance is also influenced by the spatial variance in a 3D-NFD. This pricing framework is implemented in the agent-based simulation model MATSim and applied to a case study of the city of Zurich. The tolling schemes are compared with a uniform toll, and they highlight how the inhomogeneous distribution of traffic may compromise the effectiveness of cordon tolls.     

考虑超级街区的城市路网边界控制策略研究

为缓解城市中心区交通拥堵状况,提出基于超级街区的路网多子区边界控制策略. 将城市区域路网划分为中心区、郊区及超级街区3个子区,结合宏观基本图(MFD)建立各子区交通流动态平衡方程;以中心区车辆出行完成率最高为目标,以边界收费费率和出、入口数量为控制变量,建立考虑车辆通道选择行为的路网多子区边界控制优化模型;并以实际路网数据为算例验证模型有效性.结果表明：边界控制策略下的中心区服务能力比无边界控制提高 7%;利用超级街区实现路网边界控制能够有效改善区域交通密度分布均衡性,提升路网服务效率;通过改变超级街区出、入口数量,实现边界控制兼备有效性和实践性.     

考虑排队阻滞和换道的改进宏观交通流模型

考虑路段上车辆换道及交叉口处排队阻滞作用,对交通流宏观演化模型进行改进.首先在排队中考虑不同车道的速度、密度差异,建立了换道模型;然后在交叉口内部划分各流向排队车辆的累积路径,分析不同的排队溢出位置对其他车流的阻滞影响;综合考虑车辆换道及交叉口处阻滞影响,建立了改进的车道组宏观交通流模型;最后设计仿真实验对模型进行验证.结果表明,在高流量需求下,本文模型能够模拟出下游的排队溢出对其他车流的阻滞影响;且在低中高3种不同的流量需求下,改进模型计算结果与仿真输出的驶离流量基本相符,与原有模型相比精度更高;由此证实了改进模型的准确性.     

Connectivity-based optimization of vehicle route and speed for improved fuel economy

Traditionally, vehicle route planning problem focuses on route optimization based on traffic data and surrounding environment. This paper proposes a novel extended vehicle route planning problem, called vehicle macroscopic motion planning (VMMP) problem, to optimize vehicle route and speed simultaneously using both traffic data and vehicle characteristics to improve fuel economy for a given expected trip time. The required traffic data and neighbouring vehicle dynamic parameters can be collected through the vehicle connectivity (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, vehicle-to-cloud, etc.) developed rapidly in recent years. A genetic algorithm based co-optimization method, along with an adaptive real-time optimization strategy, is proposed to solve the proposed VMMP problem. It is able to provide the fuel economic route and reference speed for drivers or automated vehicles to improve the vehicle fuel economy. A co-simulation model, combining a traffic model based on SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) with a Simulink powertrain model, is developed to validate the proposed VMMP method. Four simulation studies, based on a real traffic network, are conducted for validating the proposed VMMP: (1) ideal traffic environment without traffic light and jam for studying the fuel economy improvement, (2) traffic environment with traffic light for validating the proposed traffic light penalty model, (3) traffic environment with traffic light and jam for validating the proposed adaptive real-time optimization strategy, and (4) investigating the effect of different powertrain platforms to fuel economy using two different vehicle platforms. Simulation results show that the proposed VMMP method is able to improve vehicle fuel economy significantly. For instance, comparing with the fastest route, the fuel economy using the proposed VMMP method is improved by up to 15%.     

Empirics of multi-modal traffic networks – Using the 3D macroscopic fundamental diagram

Traffic is multi-modal in most cities. However, the impacts of different transport modes on traffic performance and on each other are unclear – especially at the network level. The recent extension of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) into the 3D-MFD offers a novel framework to address this gap at the urban scale. The 3D-MFD relates the network accumulation of cars and public transport vehicles to the network travel production, for either vehicles or passengers. No empirical 3D-MFD has been reported so far.In this paper, we present the first empirical estimate of a 3D-MFD at the urban scale. To this end, we use data from loop detectors and automatic vehicle location devices (AVL) of the public transport vehicles in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. We compare two different areas within the city, that differ in their topology and share of dedicated lanes for public transport. We propose a statistical model of the 3D-MFD, which estimates the effects of the vehicle accumulation on car and public transport speeds under multi-modal traffic conditions. The results quantify the effects of both, vehicles and passengers, and confirm that a greater share of dedicated lanes reduces the marginal effects of public transport vehicles on car speeds. Lastly, we derive a new application of the 3D-MFD by identifying the share of public transport users that maximizes the journey speeds in an urban network accounting for all motorized transport modes.     

单相谐波和无功电流的快速检测方法

利用希尔伯特空间定义正交,提出了一种新的单相电路瞬时无功电流和谐波电流的检测方法,该方法算法简单且容易实现,可以实时准确地检测出基波无功电流或者各次谐波电流.仿真结果表明该方法能达到预期的效果.     

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结合作者近年来的研究实际，在简要评述了交通流理论研究的目标和方法基础上，论述了几类典型的交通流理论模型的发展简况和存在问题．针对这些问题，作者按照微观、宏观方法相结合的思路，探讨了两种描述方法间的区别和联系，从而，发展了一些新的更切实际的交通流理论模型，并灵活应用不同理论模型，更精确、更有效地描述了实际交通流问题． 研究表明，微观宏观方法相结合，可以推进交通流理论的新发展．     

土工离心模型试验原理及误差问题

土工离心模型试验已广泛用于土木工程的各个领域,本文介绍其基本原理,讨论其误差问题。