膨胀性地层铁路隧道衬砌结构及防排水措施优化建议

结合膨胀性地层铁路隧道病害概况以及单、双线铁路隧道断面、防排水设计现状,提出相应的衬砌结构及防排水措施优化建议。衬砌结构的优化建议如下:对单线隧道而言,适当增大其边墙曲率、仰拱矢跨比,提高边墙、仰拱的强度和刚度;对双线隧道而言,适当增大其仰拱矢跨比,提高仰拱的强度和刚度;隧道仰拱处二次衬砌应采用钢筋混凝土,同时在隧道仰拱填充中增设格栅钢架或在隧道仰拱填充顶部增设钢筋。防排水措施的优化建议如下:将设置在仰拱填充内的中心水沟下移至仰拱下方,在仰拱下方设中心水沟或改设为排水渗沟,可将隧道衬砌背后积水均引入仰拱下方的中心水沟排出洞外;而改设的中心渗沟主要用于排出仰拱下方积水。     

A multiscale material-structure-hydroelasticity coupled analytical model for floating sandwich structures with hierarchical cores

A novel material-structure-hydroelasticity coupling analytical model is proposed for marine structures, which is utilized for the calculation and optimization of a very large floating sandwich structure (VLFSS) with a hierarchical ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) core in this study. For the coupling material and structure analysis, three-dimensional representative volume element and self-consistent methods are developed to reveal the physical relations between the UHPC core's macroscale mechanical properties (e.g., modulus and density) and mesoscale hierarchical characteristics (e.g., aggregate and porosity) and to obtain the corresponding parameterized formulas. For the coupling material-structure-hydroelasticity analysis, a sixth-order dynamical equation for the potential flow model of the VLFSS, in which the hierarchical core's parameters are introduced through the material-structure coupling formulas, is developed. The hydroelasticity equations containing multiscale parameters are solved, and the mechanical responses are calculated. Using this coupled multiscale method, the shear force in the representative VLFSS is optimized for a smaller amplitude, which relies on the interactivity of the hierarchical structural parameters and wave conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of the multiscale coupling methodology to achieve the physically significant optimization of a floating composite structure in ocean engineering.     

矿山法隧道拱部装配式衬砌结构设计研究

为解决矿山法铁路隧道施工拱部常出现的衬砌背后脱空、二次衬砌厚度及强度不足等质量缺陷问题，提出矿山法隧道拱部采用装配式预制管片结构的新思路，并基于时速350 km双线铁路隧道，采用数值计算分析研究拱部装配式衬砌结构的系列设计参数。主要研究结论有： 1）提出拱部装配式衬砌环向不分块的整体预制形式，综合考虑理论计算结果、行车安全分析、机械设备运输及拼装能力、拱部衬砌承载能力等，确定拱部管片环向弦长8.6 m、纵向幅宽2 m、衬砌厚度50 cm的结构尺寸及配筋设计参数； 2）提出拱部预制管片之间环缝采用螺栓连接、拱部预制管片与现浇边墙采用“L”型榫接头的接头形式及其设计参数； 3）为保证拱部管片的顺利安装，“L”型榫接头应考虑一定的施工误差，同时拱部预制管片与初期支护间应预留安装空间，后期通过管片背后纵向注浆填充密实。隧道拱部装配式衬砌技术成功应用于重庆胡家沟隧道，总体实施效果较好。     

电容运转兼起动式单相异步电动机接线及故障解析

本文简述电容起动运转单相异步电动机的工作原理和旋向改变方法。首先对电容运转式、电容起动式、双值电容式单相异步电动机的接线和电容器容量选择进行归纳总结;然后对电容起动运转单相异步电动机的常见故障和判别方法分析阐述。本文可为电容起动运转单相异步电动机电容的选用和正确接线提供技术支持,以及对单相异步电机的合理选用和常见故障的排除提供理论依据。     

Pragmatic regularization of element-dependent effects in finite element simulations of ductile tensile failure initiation using fine meshes

For the evaluation of the structural response in accidental scenarios like ship collisions, the simulation of tensile failure initiation is inevitable. Here, one difficulty is that the process of failure initiation is a very local process, which cannot be simulated in its details at present due to the computing effort which would be required. However, there are various approaches how the failure initiation can be simplified and simulated in finite element models of large thin-walled structures. A short overview of these approaches is given. A pragmatic approach, which is suitable for relatively small elements for the simulation of failure initiation in uniaxial to biaxial stress states, is chosen within this paper for further investigations regarding the applicability for thin-walled steel structures. Exemplary simulations with solid and, in particular, shell elements are used to demonstrate how the effects of element size and other element properties can be considered in the simulation of failure initiation. The focus is also on imperfections that are relevant in simulations with small elements. For this purpose, an indentation experiment is simulated with different imperfections.     

地铁隧道二次衬砌钢筋网防裂性能研究

为了定量分析防裂钢筋网提高隧道衬砌结构抗裂性能的机理和幅度,以地铁双线隧道二次衬砌结构为研究对象,采用荷载结构法和杆系有限元数值模拟方案,定量分析二次衬砌结构不设置与设置钢筋网这2种情况下的开裂临界荷载。其中素混凝土结构以达到极限拉应变为临界状态,衬砌结构增设钢筋网后以达到GB 50157-2013《地铁设计规范》允许的最大裂缝宽度0.2mm为临界状态。分析结果表明,配置防裂钢筋网后,Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能可分别提高22.4%和19.3%,Ⅴ级围岩衬砌结构抗裂性能提高15.2%;Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩二次衬砌结构的破坏形式由脆性破坏变为延性破坏,从而提高了其安全性能。     

Numerical study on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming

Dynamic response of ship-hull structure under slamming has tracked widespread attention in the marine structural design. However, our understanding on the dynamic characteristics largely relies on the symmetrical slamming cases. This paper presented a preliminary numerical investigation on the dynamic response of a truncated ship-hull structure under asymmetrical slamming based on the uncoupled CFD-FE method. Asymmetrical slamming loads were predicted through combining the seakeeping analysis and CFD method. In there, three kinds of motions (vertical, horizontal and roll motions) of 2D ship sections were obtained through the seakeeping analysis and then the slamming pressure was predicted through simulating the water entry with various motions based on CFD method. The dynamic response was analyzed through finite element method. Numerical predictions including ship motions, slamming loads and dynamic analysis were validated against published experimental data and numerical calculations. The characteristics of asymmetrical slamming loads were analyzed showing obvious asymmetry in space, and the dynamic characteristic of the ship bow structure was further clarified through discussing the deformation and stress distribution. These results are useful for readers for better understanding the dynamic characteristics of the bow structure under slamming.     

激光焊接技术在轨道交通车辆中的应用

为解决轨道交通车辆不锈钢车体电阻点焊的外观质量差、密封性差、效率低等缺点,对部分熔透激光焊接工艺在不锈钢车体焊接中的应用开展了研究。研究包括:部分熔透激光叠焊原理、参数优化试验、显微组织分析、疲劳性能分析,以及激光焊接不锈钢车辆侧墙的结构改进。研究结果表明,不锈钢车体焊接中采用部分熔透激光叠焊工艺,可以获得高质量的表面状态及疲劳强度,车体结构强度高于EN12663标准中的要求。     

真空断路器用单稳态永磁机构概述

本文对单稳态永磁机构与传统机构以及双稳态永磁机构的特点进行了对比,对其结构与工作原理进行了简单说明,并对其发展前景进行了简要探讨。     

Analysis of structural crashworthiness of double-hull ships in collision and grounding

A conceptual design framework for collision and grounding analysis is proposed to evaluate the crashworthiness of double-hull structures. This work attempts to simplify the input parameters needed for the analysis, which can be considered as a step towards a design-oriented procedure against collision and grounding. Four typical collision and grounding scenarios are considered: (1) side structure struck by a bulbous bow, (2) side structure struck by a straight bow, (3) bottom raking, (4) bottom stranding. The analyses of these scenarios are based on statistical data of striking ship dimensions, velocities, collision angles and locations, as well as seabed shapes and sizes, grounding depth and location. The evaluation of the damage extent considers the 50- and 90-percentile values from the statistics of collision and grounding accidents. The external dynamics and internal mechanics are combined to analyse systematically the ship structural damage and energy absorption under accidental loadings.