车辆-轨道耦合动力学系统可视化仿真

为了提高车辆-轨道耦合动力学系统可视化仿真的逼真度,采用迹线法计算了车轮踏面接触轮廓面,以平面方式表现轮轨动态接触关系,钢轨以梁的形式参与振动,通过实时建立具有一定垂向、横向和扭转振动形态的钢轨模型来模拟钢轨的振动行为。仿真结果表明,在保证优良的实时性的同时,可以清晰地观察轮轨接触点的变化情况,免去了在复杂的三维场景中变换视点的操作,使轮轨动态接触关系更简洁,通过实时创建钢轨模型,使钢轨振动行为的模拟更逼真。     

车辆动力学仿真中关键元件的建模

为了提高车辆动力学模型中非线性元件数学模型的模拟精度,分析了一、二维干摩擦副、三大件转向架的摩擦楔块和带串联刚度阻尼器的动力学性能,建立了非传统的数学模型,即不含速度状态变量的模型,并设计了对应的Simulink程序,用典型例题与传统模型的性能进行了对比分析。分析结果表明:非传统数学模型能克服强非线性带来的数值计算问题,提高了计算精度和计算效率,一般根据不同模型的规模和非线性元件数,计算速度能提高2~10倍。     

两万吨组合列车制动特性

为了减小重载列车纵向冲动,提高列车制动特性的同步性,利用基于空气流动理论的空气制动仿真系统,计算了列车制动系统的制动管路和各缸室的瞬态气体状态,获得制动系统动态特性,预测了两万吨组合列车的紧急制动与常用制动特性,分析了制动波的传递特性。计算结果表明:两组合列车可以缩小最大制动时间差50%,如果在两组合列车尾部配置机车,最大制动时间差可以缩小75%,四组合列车最大制动时间差可以缩小75%;紧急制动波速等速前后传递,常用制动时向前传递的制动波波速要比向后传递的制动波波速小。可见,组合列车是一种改善列车制动同步性的理想方式。     

铁道车辆运行安全评判的轮对爬轨脱轨准则

为了掌握车辆爬轨脱轨机理及主要影响因素,分析了轮对的三维空间受力,推导了轮轨横向力和垂向力比值的一般表示式,假设车轮在达到最大轮缘接触角时为脱轨的临界状态,并认为这时轮轨间出现完全摩擦滑动,导出了不考虑轮对摇头角的临界脱轨判别的二维准则与考虑轮对摇头角和轮轨蠕滑率效应的三维脱轨判别准则,给出了轮轴脱轨系数的定义,采用轮轴脱轨系数和轮重减载率进行脱轨的判别。仿真计算结果表明:二维脱轨判别准则与三维准则相比偏于保守;摇头角越小甚至变负,越有利于防止脱轨,摇头角越大,三维准则的临界脱轨曲线越接近于二维准则的;减小轮轨摩擦系数与增大轮缘角均有利于防止脱轨的发生。     

车辆离散特性研究及仿真

针对目前有关分车道行驶的方案,对不同车辆行驶速度特征进行的研究,以及对不分车道行驶和分车道行驶两种情况下的车辆运行状况进行的有效仿真,可为当前公交优先通行提供较好的理论基础.     

唐山中低速磁悬浮列车试验线牵引供电系统

为进行中低速磁悬浮列车的各项功能试验,在唐山修建了1.5 km的试验线.根据试验线系统的特点,阐述了其牵引供电系统供电电压制式的选择,牵引变电所的主接线、设计原则、负荷容量的计算方法及主要电气设备.通过设计和试验,掌握了中低速磁悬浮列车牵引变电系统的设计要求及设备选型原则.     

(Unintended) Transport impacts of an energy-environment policy: The case of CNG conversion of vehicles in Dhaka

Motor vehicles are one of the major sources of air pollution in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The government took various policies to convert the petroleum vehicles on road to run on compressed natural gas (CNG), which allows both air quality improvements and energy security benefits. One of the market friendly policies to encourage the fuel switch was to increase the price differential between CNG and petrol and diesel. This has allowed a wide-scale adoption of CNG as the fuel of choice. However, several years into the policy, there is now a widespread belief among the policymakers that the CNG conversion may have increased car ownership and car travel due to their lower running costs, resulting in more congestion and a reversal of the strategy is on the cards. It is therefore important to test the hypothesis whether CNG conversion had genuinely increased car ownership and car travel in Dhaka city. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey and an econometric intervention analysis to understand the impact of CNG conversion on car ownership and car travel in Dhaka. Attention is also given to disentangle the self-selection and price-induced travel effects of CNG conversion. Results show that ownership did not increase, but travel of on-road vehicles increased due to the CNG policy. However, additional congestion costs are still around one half of the health benefits brought about by the policy.     

DCY900运梁车过隧道运梁的改造设计研究

合福客运专线箱梁架设过程中,需过隧道运输箱梁,但DCY900型运梁车驮运箱梁时,外形尺寸超限,无法通过隧道。通过对隧道尺寸及运梁车工况分析,提出合理的运梁车改造设计方案,使DCY900运梁车顺利地通过隧道运梁,解决了实际施工问题。     

车辆动力性能评价仿真系统设计

运用LabVIEW图形化编程软件,通过结构化设计及模块化编程,设计出车辆动力性能评价仿真系统.该仿真系统考虑了多种参数对车辆动力性能的影响,并且能够处理Excel扭矩数据表格和生成Word报表文档,使用方便,仿真结果准确性较高.利用此仿真结果可进一步优化车辆的结构参数,从而提高车辆的动力性能.     

Extracting driving characteristics from heavy goods vehicle tachograph charts

European Union regulations require haulage companies of member states like the UK to keep records of their drivers’ hours of work. All heavy goods vehicles (HGV's) over 7.5 tonnes are fitted with tachographs which record a driver's operating activities (periods of driving, other work and rest). These records are etched onto a laminated chart by various styli, one of which records the vehicle's speed. This paper describes the development and testing of a new technique for extracting individual driving characteristics from the speed trace of an HGV tachograph chart to calculate four parameters: distance travelled, average speed, time travelled and speed variability.

The average speed, time travelled and speed variability were analysed statistically using one‐way analysis of variance tests. Speed variability was found to be particularly useful for identifying differences between individual driver's behaviour. Once differences in behaviours can be identified it may be possible to link certain driving habits to factors such as component wear, accident rates and excessive fuel usage.