Evaluation of energy consumption of vehicles in EU Trans-European Transport Network

The paper presents the results of field tests evaluating energy consumption in the vehicles of Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) of selected EU countries: Poland, Germany and France. The energy consumption of vehicles in a highway system was assessed based on the telemetry analysis systems for traction parameters, tachograph record of digital speed waveform and their statistical analysis. The empirical cumulative distribution functions of speed transitions (acceleration, deceleration) were used to determine the kinetic energy losses of the vehicle (fuel consumption). To assess the statistical significance of differences between cumulative distribution functions the Smirnov–Kolmogorov test was used.     

A Combined Speaker Adaptation Method for Mandarin Speech Recognition

A speaker adaptation method that combines transformation matrix linear interpolation with maximum a posteriori (MAP) was proposed. Firstly this method can keep the asymptotical characteristic of MAP. Secondly,as the method uses linear interpolation with several speaker-dependent (SD) transformation matrixes, it can fully use the prior knowledge and keep fast adaptation. The experimental results show that the combined method achieves an 8.24% word error rate reduction with only one adaptation utterance, and keeps asymptotic to the performance of SD model for large amounts of adaotation data.     

动态载荷作用下焊接点线弹性裂纹的弯曲扩展路径的预测(英文)

利用二阶摄动方法研究了动态载荷作用下结构线弹性断裂裂纹的弯曲延伸扩展问题并求解了动态应力强度因子。利用二阶摄动方法研究了动载荷作用下裂纹路径预测时的应力准则与能量准则之间的关系。就均匀物质而言,在二阶摄动分析理论的框架内,两种准则指明了相同的动态裂纹路径。但在具有非均匀断裂韧度的物质中,能量准则优越于应力准则。作为二阶摄动方法的实际运用,研究了焊接结构中动态线弹性裂纹的形态特征和弯曲扩展路径问题,综合考虑了诸如远场动态作用应力、焊接残余应力、局部物质衰变以及不同尺寸的缺陷的存在等因素,绘制出动态载荷作用下退化区域中裂纹弯曲扩展的临界轨迹曲线。     

桨后舵附推力鳍理论计算

螺旋桨与舵附推力鳍,分别采用升力面法和基于速度势的面元法计算,两者之间的相互干扰采用迭代计算。在计算面元的影响系数时,应用了Morino导出的解析计算公式,以加快数值的计算速度。分析了不同螺旋桨尾涡模型对舵附推力鳍水动力性能的影响,并提出一种新的螺旋桨尾涡模型。计算了加装舵附推力鳍之后螺旋桨尾流场周向诱导速度沿径向的分布。对影响推力鳍助推效率的几个主要参数进行了变尺度研究。     

拆除旧桥顶进新桥施工技术

结合怀柔区迎宾南路与京承线相交处的旧桥改造,介绍采用切割法切割既有U形铁路混凝土桥、D24军便梁加固既有铁路以及桥体顶进施工的工艺,为类似的工程提供一定的借鉴。     

PBA工法地铁车站下穿桥梁方案优化研究

文章以北京地铁6号线花园桥站下穿花园桥为工程背景,采用FLAC3D数值模拟和层次分析法确定PBA工法(Pile-Beam-Arch Method)地铁车站下穿桥梁的最优方案,并结合监测结果分析了关键施工阶段对地层和桩基的影响。研究表明,同等注浆加固条件下4导洞法控制远、近侧桩基位移效果比5,6导洞法稍好,相同车站施工方法和结构型式下对近侧桥桩区域适当注浆加固和大范围注浆加固效果相近,因此,确定5导洞法及近侧桥桩区域内适当注浆加固为最优方案;导洞开挖、扣拱和其它工序地表沉降比例为0.38∶0.32∶0.30;导洞开挖和扣拱对近侧桩基位移影响较大,站台层开挖对远侧桩基沉降影响最大,导洞开挖和扣拱影响次之,但对水平位移影响较大。     

桥壳后盖焊接专机电气系统改造

介绍原引进日本亚進机械工业株式会社生产的后盖焊专机存在的问题,改造的必要性,三菱Q06系列PLC应用、特点、参数设置及程序编辑改造过程,从设备角度和改善焊接条件实现新工艺解决后盖焊缝开裂漏油问题,用两套机械手自动上下工件实现高度自动化,提高设备稳定性,改造后使用效果。     

The shape of MaaS: The potential for MaaS Lite

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is about improving mobility for people. Since Gothenburg piloted the first multi-modal Mobility as a Service (MaaS) scheme from 2012, there have been many further attempts at introducing connected and bundled services globally, invariably provided as a mobile app and a single, simple ticketing interface. As in any emerging paradigm, the varying flavour, or ‘shapes’ of MaaS that are piloted reflect the search for a sustainable business model and connectivity between transport operators at varying levels that includes risk reallocation and data sharing. The varying levels of success of MaaS and Mobility on Demand (MOD) lead the authors to propose MaaS Lite, which reflects an incremental approach to MaaS based on a simpler organisational arrangement that does not depend upon the introduction of a Mobility Operator as a new player. MaaS Lite also recognises that most trips are not complex at all, often based on one or two connected mechanised modes that meets highly local needs, including FMLM service connectivity.Overall, MaaS is not a ‘one size fits all’ solution for all regions but the benefits of the highly targeted MaaS Lite could realise early public benefits as a first step in the development of a multi-phased ‘services road map’ that evolves towards the implementation of multi-modal, region-wide operationally integrated MaaS. Case studies in Hong Kong and Brisbane demonstrate the merits of MaaS Lite in these two contrasting environments having different regulatory regimes, population densities and levels of private car ownership.     

投标问题的对策模型

通过分析投标问题的性质和影响中标的因素，本文应用对策理论建立了投标问题的双矩阵对策模型和ｎ人非合作对策模型，并进行了实例分析。     

大断面古土壤隧道围岩压力分布规律及支护结构受力特征分析——以银西高铁早胜3号隧道为例

银西高铁早胜3号隧道位于甘肃省宁县境内,为国内首条穿越古土壤地层的隧道。为研究隧道穿越古土壤地层时围岩压力分布情况及支护结构受力变形特征,通过在隧道相同里程布设压力盒、表面应变计和钢筋应力计等传感器,对围岩压力、初期支护受力变形情况进行长期现场监测,并将监测结果得到的频率值换算为力值或应变,最后对数据进行分析。结果表明： 1）对于三台阶七步开挖法,围岩压力大致经历了急剧变化-缓慢变化-平稳变化3个阶段,三台阶七步开挖的施工工法决定了相同里程先开挖一侧围岩压力明显大于后开挖一侧; 2）钢拱架呈现三维受力状态,相邻2榀拱架间轴力以受压为主,支护结构的完整程度以及与混凝土的协作关系直接影响轴力变化情况; 3）拱脚应变的最大值主要集中在上台阶和仰拱底部附近。