长江中游武桥水道航道整治方案研究

以受外部环境影响因素复杂的长江武桥水道航道整治工程为例,通过模型试验手段,对不同工程方案整治效果进行研究,并考虑周边环境实际需求,最终确定了采用长顺坝结合齿坝的整治方案,为复杂外部环境下航道整治工程方案设计积累了一定经验,可供类似工程借鉴。     

长江宜宾—重庆航道浅滩整治措施分析

2003年以来长江宜宾—重庆段航道陆续按Ⅲ级航道标准进行了系统建设。建设过程中结合具体河势及碍航情况采取了单纯疏浚,顺坝与潜坝结合,疏浚配合丁坝、丁顺坝,疏浚、筑坝、护底配合等浅滩治理措施。结合实例对浅滩整治措施和效果进行分析。     

水下隐蔽工程检测技术在长江航道整治工程中的应用

水下隐蔽工程是长江航道整治工程质量控制的重点和难点,水下隐蔽工程检测技术在长江航道治理中发挥着重要作用。介绍了长江航道整治水下隐蔽工程检测技术、分类及应用实例,对深入认识水下隐蔽工程检测技术在长江航道整治中的作用具有重要意义,同时为后期航道维护工程提供设计参考。     

浅析石门湖航道工程整治建设

基于石门湖航道对安庆水运发展的重要作用,从石门湖航道的现状出发,阐述了石门湖航道整治的必要性和整治措施,以及开发石门湖航道需解决的问题。呼吁加快石门湖航道整治建设的步伐。     

嘉陵江草街—北碚段航道整治效果及补水需求分析

嘉陵江草街至河口段整治工程分期实施,部分滩段整治效果未及预期,通航条件仍然较差。针对嘉陵江草街至北碚段航道枯水期斑鸠背、二郎滩等滩段出浅碍航的问题,结合深度平均的平面二维水力学数值模拟和航道通航水流条件原型观测,分析研究河段各滩险的碍航特性及整治效果,提出重点滩段达到航道维护尺度的流量要求及相应保证率。研究结果表明:嘉陵江草街至北碚段航道近年来虽进行了系统整治,航道通航水流条件得到一定的改善,但受逐年地形变化影响,航槽内冲淤变化显著,目前已不能满足Ⅲ级航道尺度要求;在现状条件下,满足Ⅲ级航道尺度要求的草街最小下泄流量约为1 391 m~3/s。     

Air transport and economic growth: a review of the impact mechanism and causal relationships

ABSTRACT

The impacts of air transport on the economy arise both directly, via activity in the aviation sector; and indirectly, via increased spending and wider economic benefits associated with improved access to resources, markets, technology and economic mass. Economic activity, in turn, supports and generates demand for air transport. Despite its potential importance, the reciprocal nature of the causal relationship between air transport and economic performance has remained somewhat understudied. This paper provides a synthesis review of the channels the aviation sector interacts with regional economy. The review focuses on quantitative studies that contribute to the state-of-the-art understandings of the causality. We find that the reciprocal causal relationship is more likely to prevail in less developed economies. For more developed economies, only one direction of the causality is recognised, which runs from air transport to economic growth. Especially substantial is the effect of airline enplanement on service-related employment. The reverse direction of the relationship is, however, not as significant as believed in a causal sense within the developed world. Therefore, cautions need to be taken when applying income elasticities (such as the elasticity of air passenger demand with respect to GDP) in air travel demand forecasting, which implicitly assumes that economic growth causally leads to air traffic increment. Based on the fundamental links between air transport and economic growth, some typical imperfections and inefficiencies in aviation markets are discussed and promising avenues for future research are proposed.     

线性需求下铁路客运差别定价模型研究

为提高席位资源利用率,研究了线性需求下我国铁路客运差别定价策略的优化模型。以收益最大化为目标,基于最优化理论和完全价格歧视策略,确定旅客群体最优细分数目以及每个旅客群体的最优票价,得出在客运淡季,铁路旅客最优细分数目为3~5个,各旅客群的最优票价由铁路客运市场细分数目决定。应用该模型为某城际高铁进行差别定价,试验结果表明,该模型可达到调节客流、增加收益的目的。     

A statistical analysis of consumer perceptions towards automated vehicles and their intended adoption

ABSTRACT

While automated vehicle (AV) development continues to progress rapidly, how the public will accept and adopt automated vehicles remains an open question. Using extensive survey data, we apply cluster analysis to better understand consumer perceptions toward potential benefits and concerns related to AVs with regard to factors influencing their AV adoption likelihood. Four market segments are identified – ‘benefits-dominated,’ ‘concerns-dominated,’ ‘uncertain,’ and ‘well-informed.’ A random parameters multinomial logit model is then estimated to identify factors influencing the probability of respondents belonging to one of these four market segments. Among other influences (such as socio-economic and current travel characteristics), it is found that ‘Millennials’ have a higher probability of belonging to the well-informed market segment, ‘Gen-Xers’ with a lower probability to the uncertain market segment, and ‘Baby Boomers’ with a higher probability to the concerns-dominated market (relative to the ‘Great Generation’). We also study the individuals’ expressed likelihood of AV adoption using separate random parameters ordered probit estimations for each of the four market segments. The substantial and statistically significant differences across each AV consumer market segment underscore the potentially large impact that different consumer demographics may have on AV adoption and the need for targeted marketing to achieve better market-penetration outcomes.     

后疫情时代国内纯电动乘用车市场发展现状

2020年国内纯电动乘用车市场在新冠肺炎、补贴退坡、各地促销政策陆续出台等多方面因素影响下先抑后扬、市场回暖,呈现出厂商竞争加剧、销售区域转变、私户占比增加、车型趋向高端化等特征。在我国碳达峰、碳中和的宏伟目标下,随着消费者环保认知的不断提升,纯电动乘用车市场将稳步发展并进一步向智能化、自动化方向转变。     

IPO择时行为对资本结构的影响分析

基于资本结构的市场时机选择理论,本文以2006-2010年沪深两市IPO公司为研究对象,建立实证分析模型,研究IPO市场时机选择行为对资本结构的影响。实证结果表明沪市不存在明显的IPO择时行为,而深市较为明显,且此行为对资本结构构有长期影响,但其影响力有限,不及传统因素。