公路工程监理市场面临的问题与解决的措施

分析了公路工程监理市场存在的问题及问题产生的原因,针对性地提出了解决问题的措施。     

The value of options for time charterparty extension: an artificial neural networks (ANN) approach

The most frequently associated options in the physical shipping market are options to extend the charter period on time charters and additional shipment options on contracts of affreightment. The value of freight options, in practice, is estimated mostly by referring to forward curves. An option on freight has different properties from its financial counterparts, and the straightforward adoption of theoretical models does not produce promising results. In this paper, extension options, which have the property of options on futures, were transformed into regular European options before the application of the Black-Scholes model (BSM). The efficient market hypothesis, which justifies the parity of the performance of a long-term charter to that of repetitive short-term charters, worked as the basis for the transformation. The option values determined by the BSM were compared with actual realized values. Additionally, the artificial neural networks (ANN) was employed to derive the option values. This study is meaningful as the first-time application of both the closed-form solution and the ANN to the valuation of physical freight options. The research results can contribute to the quality of chartering decisions. The results could also be used in quantifying credit risk, as extension options tend to be granted to charterers with more creditability.     

Shaping the Coast with Permits: Making the State Regulatory Permitting Process Transparent with Text Mining

This paper examines the California Coastal Commission's permitting process. Using several text mining techniques, including web scraping, information extraction, and supervised classification, I demonstrate how to retrieve empirical data from unstructured texts, namely public meeting agendas and staff reports. Contrary to the concern that the Commission routinely delays or rejects permitting requests, the data reveal that outright rejection of permit applications is rare. On average, eight of ten applications were approved. Single-family homes and commercial development projects were approved about 80% of the time; the rates were about 70% for seawalls and retaining walls, and 60% for land-use changes. Most applications were processed swiftly, with a median application length of 3 months. The agency's influence comes primarily from negotiating each application. Qualitative study of 50 cases pertaining to single-family home construction reveals that the agency adopts a “managed development” approach, that is, allowing development but scrupulously managing various aspects of development. These case studies illustrate how the agency interprets the broad, abstract state laws and translates the mandates into enforceable actions as permitting conditions. In areas where the state mandates conflict, particularly over development in receding shorelines, the agency has the largest leverage in creating and implementing its preferred policies. The text mining techniques demonstrated in this paper can be applied to study any governmental agency. These techniques help to extract information from a massive volume of papers and organize them into a database for analyses. The empirical data extracted from texts can significantly increase bureaucratic transparency.     

长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道工程新型筑堤结构

针对长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道二期工程落成洲河段整治建筑物的特点,提出在堤高为3.0~6.5 m的堤段采取倒T型构件混合堤替代抛石斜坡堤的新型筑堤结构。对混合堤结构在波、流共同作用下的稳定性采用翻坝水流力和合田波浪力计算公式进行理论受力分析,并通过三维物理模型试验对波、流共同作用下混合堤结构稳定性进行验证,结果判定为稳定。新型倒T型构件混合堤减少块石用量,有利于缓解大宗石料供应难度,适应环保需求,同时减少水上施工时间,加快施工进度。该结构已成功申请实用新型专利,可为类似工程提供指导和借鉴。     

汉江河口段河床演变及碍航特性分析

汉江河口段属典型的"两堤一江"河段,河道微弯,河槽单一。根据《湖北省内河航运发展规划(修编)》,本河段将在十三五期间将航道等级提升到Ⅱ级。根据河道地形资料,从河道平面、深泓纵剖面、深槽变化等方面着手,对该河段的河床演变规律、影响因素及碍航特性进行研究,并针对碍航浅区段提出相应的治理思路,为该河段的航道治理提供依据。     

长江深水航道水下坝体抛石设备改造

长江下游河段施工区域地形异常复杂、水深和流速条件对抛石坝体形成非常不利。以长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道二期工程口岸直水道整治工程Ⅱ标段为依托,通过改造抛石设备、增加串筒约束构造来降低抛石高度、减小抛石漂移距的方法,减小外界条件对抛石落点的影响,从而达到控制块石落点的目的,实现了水下抛石精准定位。工程应用效果良好,在提高施工质量的同时降低了成本,为类似项目提供了借鉴。     

长江航道大型整治工程施工安全控制关键技术

长江航道大型整治工程施工河段长、工程量大且工序多,施工水域船舶通航密度大、船舶种类多,施工安全生产控制与河段通航安全面临巨大挑战。依托长江干线下、中、上游典型大型航道整治工程,围绕工程施工全过程风险管控及安全保障技术,采用理论分析、仿真模拟、现场试验、系统研发相结合的方法,提出了长江航道大型整治工程风险识别与评估方法,构建了通航安全与施工生产安全风险预测模型,研究了长江航道大型整治工程全方位、全过程、全要素施工安全保障与控制技术,并基于AIS和云技术开发了长江航道整治工程施工区安全综合信息平台,为保障大型航道整治工程生产及通航安全提供了理论依据和技术手段。     

航道整治建筑物薄壁大圆筒结构水槽试验研究

基于薄壁大圆筒结构在国内外沿海港口码头和防波堤工程中研究及应用现状,设计一种薄壁大圆筒结构坝。采用水槽试验的技术手段,研究大水深、大流速情况下坝体稳定性和抗倾临界条件,得到无充填、充填天然沙及带基座的充填薄壁大圆筒结构在水深34 m条件下抗倾流速分别为2.90、3.18及4.95 m/s,认为其能满足不同河流的航道整治建筑物稳定要求,可作为丁坝、顺坝、导流坝及潜坝等多种结构形式在内河航道整治工程中推广运用。     

模拟现场工况条件下的无纺布淤堵试验研究

通过对荆江长河段航道整治护坡工程的结构形式及其中常用的短纤针刺非织造土工布进行调研,针对反滤层中无纺布潜在的淤堵问题及其对岸坡稳定性的影响进行分析,研制了模拟现场工况条件的土工合成材料淤堵试验仪,分别将水力梯度、垫层砂厚度、砂的粗细、土质类别及无纺布孔径单一因子对无纺布淤堵的影响进行试验分析,探讨各因子对无纺布淤堵的影响规律。     

整治建筑物周边局部冲刷深度计算

针对现有局部冲刷深度经验公式多、适用范围小、计算结果与实际出入较大的问题,从冲刷机理上推导出通用的局部冲刷公式,并根据实际情况进行修正和确定相关参数。结果表明,整治建筑物周边局部冲刷深度主要与工前水深、工程前后流速变幅、水流紊动强度、流量调整情况等有关;冲刷公式中参数k、λ、n的取值对计算结果影响较大;修正后的公式与规范相比具有一定优势。