Intercontinental-airport regulation

This paper analyzes strategic interaction between intercontinental airport regulators, each of which levies airport charges paid by airlines and chooses its airport capacity under conditions of congestion. Congestion from intercontinental flights is common across intercontinental airports since departure and arrival airports are linked one to one, while purely domestic traffic also uses each airport. The paper focuses on two questions. First, if both continents can strategically set separate airport charges for domestic and intercontinental flights, how will the outcome differ from the first-best solution? Second, how is strategic airport behavior affected by the extent of market power of the airlines serving the intercontinental market? We see that strategic airport pricing and capacity choices by regulators lead to a welfare loss: the regulators both behave as monopolists in the market for intercontinental flights, charging a mark-up and decreasing capacity. This welfare loss even overshadows possible negative effects from imperfect competition within the intercontinental airline market. We further discuss how the presence of multiple regulators on one continent or a simple pricing rule might constrain the welfare loss created by strategic airport regulation.     

The Quiet Revolution in Visual Resource Management: A view from the coast

Abstract

This introductory piece traces the growth of knowledge and activity associated with visual resource management in general. A specific framework of questions regarding methods of coastal zone visual resource management is presented. The state‐of‐the‐art in methodological studies is listed for each question, and the methodological questions are related to the major articles with the special issue of the Coastal Zone Management Journal. Major legal federal statutes, state statutes, and court cases are reviewed in light of visual resource management in the coastal zone. The remaining articles within the special issue that deal with integration of VRM into decision‐making are then arrayed against a management framework. This framework includes regulatory situations for (1) public land management and planning, (2) public projects involving private lands, and (3) public regulation of private projects.     

The meaning of car availability in mode choice decisions

The paper examines various definitions of car availability that have been used in the literature, and compares the results when applied to a common data set. It argues that car availability means different things to different people depending on their licence holding/car owning status. Using in‐depth interview data, the factors determining car allocation and transferability within a household, and subsequently mode choice, are discussed. An attempt is made to draw some general conclusions for research and modelling. This suggests that different approaches are required depending on whether or not there is competition for use of the car within a household. Also that in cases of competition, mode choice is not a two‐stage process depending on car availability and trip characteristics, but a concurrent decision based on both of these factors.     

基于竞争的高速铁路客运需求量预测

从铁路运输企业的角度，以市场竞争为导向，以提高铁路客运市场竞争力和综合经营效益为目标，从客流属性特征出发，对竞争条件下旅客运输需求进行分析，引入匹配因子和分担率的概念，以距离和旅客收入结构为交叉因素对分担率进行预测，构建了适应我国铁路客运需求预测理论体系，并以京广线为例对高速铁路在竞争条件下的客运需求量进行了合理预测．     

网约车进入市场利益方博弈策略及效果分析

运用博弈论方法探讨了网约车作为一种新的出行方式进入市场后，市场已存者(即出租车)与其的策略互动，市场已存者通过调整出行费用，从而采取不同的策略应对潜在进入者(即网约车)是否会进入市场.假定出行者根据时间价值(VOT)函数选择出行方式，求出给定需求情况下的需求均衡，并根据两阶段博弈理论求出各策略均衡下的市场均衡，利用均衡时各出行方式的利润和总社会成本评估各策略的影响.最后给出实例分析，结果显示，虽然网约车的进入会减少出租车的利润，但是社会总成本却降低了.因此，合理发展网约车是经济可行的.     

造船门式起重机电控系统特点

以江南长兴的450t门式起重机为例,分析了其数字化、智能化、网络化和信息化的工作原理。     

夯实管理基础建立公开、公平、公正的薪酬制度

薪酬管理是企业人力资源管理的一项核心内容,它关系到员工切身利益,更关系到企业战略的顺利实施.山海关船舶重工有限责任公司是一家大型国有船舶企业,为了激励员工,实现公司持续发展、做大做强的目标,公司对以往薪酬改革进行了反思,客观分析了分配政策的不足,在总结以往经验教训的基础上,经过充分分析、论证,公司从夯实基础工作入手,重新梳理岗位,进行岗位分析和分类,建立员工绩效考核体系,调整公司薪酬方案,确立了“按劳分配、绩效决定分配”的原则,员工个人收入与公司经济效益、个人业绩挂钩,员工个人绩效工资根据个人实际完成的工作量、工作业绩考核发放,实行了公开的工资分配制度,极大地调动了广大员工的工作积极性.     

通州沙滩面串沟封堵高程数学模型研究*

通州沙与狼山沙之间存在的串沟与通州沙东水道下段浅区存在一定的关联关系,串沟的存在不仅不利于滩体的守护,也会对主流起到一定分散或冲散作用。因此在长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道建设工程一期工程通州沙段航道整治中,在考虑增强浅区水流动力的同时,必须考虑限制串沟的过流来巩固护滩效果。采用二维潮流数学模型对现状滩面串沟分流能力进行分析,通过多方案比选,综合考虑护滩效果、限流导流作用以及投资效率,提出可兼顾固滩稳槽与导流增深双重作用的滩面串沟整治思路,本研究为其它类似滩面串沟封堵及分流河段的整治工程方案探讨提供了参考。     

Transformations and continuities of issues related to Chinese participation in the global seafarers’ labour market

Since the 1990s, Chinese seafarers have become a force to be reckoned with in the global seafarer labour market, particularly against the backdrop of the manning crisis. Compared with other groups of seafarers dominating the market such as the Filipinos and the Indians, they are commonly associated with perceptions of low cost, poor English skills, different safety/work culture, problems with the International Transport Workers’ Federation, etc. This article identifies transformations and continuities of problems related to Chinese seafarers in the global market in the last two decades or so by reviewing relevant Lloyd’s List reports as well as official documents and previous research. The review shows that Chinese authorities have been taking various initiatives to take advantage of the manning crisis and to expand and promote seafarer education, supply and export, which in general serve to make seafarers better educated and improve their communication skills. Although such initiatives have helped increase seafaring labour export, the success is nevertheless limited by tight government control on recruitment, which makes some foreign managers reluctant to employ Chinese seafarers.