二元劳动力市场分割结构下的大学毕业生失业问题研究

当前我国经济发展取得举世瞩目的成绩同时,伴随着区域发展不平衡,城乡收入差距扩大,使我国劳动力市场二元化的趋势越来越明显,作为重要人力资源的大学毕业生面临严峻的就业问题,大学生失业所带来的社会问题日益凸显。本文从经济学角度分析大学生失业的类型,进而用二元制劳动力市场分割理论解释大学毕业生失业的原因,提出促进大学毕业生就业的建议。     

我国高速铁路货运产品开发

首先介绍了国外高铁货运产品现状，分析我国高铁货运产品的需求形势，并对高铁货运产品进行市场定位。然后对高铁货运产品进行开发，提出其运输组织方案及产品延伸服务。最后分析高铁货运产品的经济效益，为我国开发高铁货运产品提供参考。     

Game-theoretical models for competition analysis in a new emerging liner container shipping market

This paper develops three game-theoretical models to analyze shipping competition between two carriers in a new emerging liner container shipping market. The behavior of each carrier is characterized by an optimization model with the objective to maximize his payoff by setting optimal freight rate and shipping deployment (a combination of service frequency and ship capacity setting). The market share for each carrier is determined by the Logit-based discrete choice model. Three competitive game strategic interactions are further investigated, namely, Nash game, Stackelberg game and deterrence by taking account of the economies of scale of the ship capacity settings. Three corresponding competition models with discrete pure strategy are formulated as the variables in shipment deployment are indivisible and the pricing adjustment is step-wise in practice. A ɛ -approximate equilibrium and related numerical solution algorithm are proposed to analyze the effect of Nash equilibrium. Finally, the developed models are numerically evaluated by a case study. The case study shows that, with increasing container demand in the market, expanding ship capacity setting is preferable due to its low marginal cost. Furthermore, Stackelberg equilibrium is a prevailing strategy in most market situations since it makes players attain more benefits from the accommodating market. Moreover, the deterrence effects largely depend on the deterrence objective. An aggressive deterrence strategy may make potential monopolist suffer large benefit loss and an easing strategy has little deterrence effect.     

浅谈冷弯薄壁型钢房屋建筑技术

随着人口增长和城市化进程的加快,引发并刺激了对住宅的巨大需求。而我国采用高投入、高消耗、高污染的传统砖石住宅结构体系,已难以满足市场、消费者的要求和建筑＂可持续发展＂的时代主题。冷弯薄壁住宅钢结构发展潜力巨大,作为传统住宅结构体系的理想替代品,其具有更加明显的综合经济效益。     

浅析新形势下施工企业铁路市场经营的困境和对策

随着铁路招投标市场的完善和新实施细则的实施,铁路市场经营工作发生很大变化。分析了施工企业在铁路市场经营上面临的困难,提出了应采取的应对措施。     

Public transit and labor market outcomes: Analysis of the connections in the French agglomeration of Bordeaux

This paper investigates the links between public transport and labor market outcomes in the French agglomeration of Bordeaux. Our objective is to analyze the effects and consequences of the construction of a tramway line in some neighborhoods and municipalities of the agglomeration. These localizations are confronted to isolation and concentration of unfavorable socio-economic characteristics. Among other things, this line has permitted to facilitate the access to the historical job center of Bordeaux for inhabitants concerned. We use difference-in-differences methods to compare labor market outcomes of inhabitants who benefit from this better access with others who do not, before and after the construction. Results show that if unemployment rate has globally decreased on the period observed, the decrease is more important for neighborhoods located close to tramway stations. More generally, it seems that the tramway project helped to reduce some socio-economic inequalities in the agglomeration of Bordeaux.     

散货船运输市场周期性分析与预测

国际散货船航运市场在国际航运市场中占有举足轻重的地位,其走势具有周期性,可以预测船舶航运市场的整体趋势,进一步对全球经济形势分析预测。通过对克拉克森报告进行分析和调研,根据调研结果并结合新冠疫情影响确定了散货船航运市场的主要影响因素,采用相关股票指数和数据对各影响因素量化,对历史数据建立时滞模型并进行多元回归分析,进而建立时滞回归模型,构造了代价函数并采用梯度下降法建立多变量线性回归模型,得出表征散货船市场情况的波罗的海指数(BDI)与影响其走势的几种主要因素之间的代数关系,从而用近几年各影响因素的值来预测未来几个月内波罗的海指数的发展趋势,为船市的进一步布局规划提供参考。     

Modelling cyclic container freight index using system dynamics

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the cyclical nature of container shipping market represented by a containerized freight index and proposes a predictive cyclical model of the market. In contrast to the traditional spectral analysis (univariate), system dynamics reflect the drivers of the market in both supply and demand side, and therefore, it is a multi-variate system equilibrium approach consisting of various causal spillovers from sub-components of the market. This study is the first to analyze the cycle of container market using system dynamics. By utilizing system dynamics cyclicality approach, one-step ahead predictions are generated for monthly containerized freight index and compared to conventional benchmarks for post-sample validation. Our study can also help policymakers and shipping liners for better management and invest timing of container ship.     

不同信息下的逐日路径选择行为实验与模型

为研究先进出行者信息系统(ATIS)对出行者逐日路径选择行为的影响，本文基于 Braess路网设计5组具有不同ATIS市场占有率(0、25%、50%、75%、100%)的行为实验.结果表明：3条路径的流量及新增路径保持选择的次数持续波动，随着ATIS市场占有率增大，路网平均行程时间趋于用户均衡，新增路径保持选择的次数呈现增长趋势，且被试对新增路径的选择性偏好增强，Braess悖论的效果也更明显.基于5组实验数据，分别建立普通Logit模型和基于面板数据的随机效应Logit模型刻画路径选择行为.结果表明：当ATIS市场占有率为0时，最佳模型为普通Logit模型；当ATIS市场占有率增大甚至达到100%时，最佳模型均为随机效应Logit模型；未配备ATIS的出行者的个体差异性比配备ATIS的小.     

新形势下中欧班列的市场空间及其改善策略

基于中欧班列运输组织过程，本文提出班列运行效率与经济性评估方法。通过与海陆联运、航空运输等竞争方式比较，建立中欧班列的竞争力分析测算模型。考虑俄乌冲突引发的世界经贸格局重组，分析中欧班列径路及其市场空间变化。研究认为：地缘政治风险加剧了欧洲端市场贸易的不稳定性，使中欧班列及中欧间其他海陆通道的运到时限均有所增加。总体上中欧班列在原通道上的市场竞争力受到一定挑战，市场空间有所收窄。欧洲局势的变化需要打造和拓展新的运输径路，其中地中海径路具有一定发展潜力。在中欧班列运输新径路的打造中，应重点兼顾区域稳定性和沿线货运市场因素，以便为中欧班列运行提供更大的市场空间。新运行径路下稳定的区域环境为提升中欧班列竞争力提供了利好条件，从而推动中欧班列的可持续发展。