一种基于合作目标的机动雷达误差配准技术

针对机动平台传感器非协同误差配准技术实施难度大和配准效果差的问题,对基于合作目标的协同误差配准技术进行了研究。首先根据传感器对合作目标的地球直角坐标系量测方程,建立了系统误差的估计模型,然后根据建立的系统误差估计模型,利用传感器获得的量测和目标通过数据链上报的导航信息,采用最大似然估计技术,对系统误差进行估计。仿真结果表明：该系统误差估计模型可得到系统误差的有效估计,并对目标的导航误差具有强鲁棒性,因此该算法具有一定的工程应用前景。     

Novel Methods and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Technique for Estimating Traffic Critical Gap

Most unsignalised intersection capacity calculation procedures are based on gap acceptance models. Accuracy of critical gap estimation affects accuracy of capacity and delay estimation. Several methods have been published to estimate drivers' sample mean critical gap, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) technique regarded as the most accurate. This study assesses three novel methods; Average Central Gap (ACG) method, Strength Weighted Central Gap method (SWCG), and Mode Central Gap method (MCG), against MLE for their fidelity in rendering true sample mean critical gaps. A Monte Carlo event based simulation model was used to draw the maximum rejected gap and accepted gap for each of a sample of 300 drivers across 32 simulation runs. Simulation mean critical gap is varied between 3s and 8s, while offered gap rate is varied between 0.05veh/s and 0.55veh/s. This study affirms that MLE provides a close to perfect fit to simulation mean critical gaps across a broad range of conditions. The MCG method also provides an almost perfect fit and has superior computational simplicity and efficiency to the MLE. The SWCG method performs robustly under high flows; however, poorly under low to moderate flows. Further research is recommended using field traffic data, under a variety of minor stream and major stream flow conditions for a variety of minor stream movement types, to compare critical gap estimates using MLE against MCG. Should the MCG method prove as robust as MLE, serious consideration should be given to its adoption to estimate critical gap parameters in guidelines. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

State-owned Spanish Port System oversizing: an analysis of maximum operational capacity

The State-owned Spanish Port System (SPS) includes 46 ports for general use that are managed by the 28 port authorities distributed along the 8000 km of Spanish coast. SPS has not grown at a rate comparable to that of international maritime transportation. In our paper, we start from the hypothesis of a port system that appears to be oversized, subsidized, with regard to container traffic. Quantifying the maximum operational capacity of the different container terminals along the Spanish coast and their mooring capacities will provide the available dimensions for this type of traffic. In a second step, we will analyse whether SPS are sufficient (according to the perspective of international standards) to meet Spain’s needs, which is related to Spain’s strategic geographic location and its need to move containerized cargo for the domestic market. The paper concludes SPS has an oversized that limits competitiveness, which is indicated by the average transshipment ratio of approximately 50% and an average unweighted idle ratio of port facilities designed for container traffic of over 60% in the eight main ports.     

铁路局请求车审批优化

建立了求解铁路局范围内请求车审批优化的数学模型和与此模型对应的网络图，将铁路请求车审批优化问题转换为求解最小费用最大流问题．给出了求解此模型的数值算法，并对实际应用中的一些问题提出了解决方案．根据该模型和算法开发的软件已在广州铁路局成功应用。     

A Combined Speaker Adaptation Method for Mandarin Speech Recognition

A speaker adaptation method that combines transformation matrix linear interpolation with maximum a posteriori (MAP) was proposed. Firstly this method can keep the asymptotical characteristic of MAP. Secondly,as the method uses linear interpolation with several speaker-dependent (SD) transformation matrixes, it can fully use the prior knowledge and keep fast adaptation. The experimental results show that the combined method achieves an 8.24% word error rate reduction with only one adaptation utterance, and keeps asymptotic to the performance of SD model for large amounts of adaotation data.     

A Note on k-Limited Maximum Base

Introduction Findingaspecialmaximumbaseofamatroidis aninterestingproblem.Theproblemhasmanyappli cationsinnetworks,graphtheory,andcombinatorial optimization.InRef.[1],Edmondsgavearelation betweenamatroidandgreedyalgorithm,which answeredhowtofindthemaximumb…     

Minimal Enclosing of an MPT (v,λ) in a TS (u,λ+1)

Let MPT (v,λ) denote a maximum packing of triples of order v with index λ and TS (u,λ) denote a triple system of order u with index λ. In this paper, for v≥6, we determine necessary and sufficient condition for enclosing an MPT (v,λ) in a TS (v+m,λ+1) with index λ increased by 1 and minimal increase in extra points.     

沥青混和料最大理论密度确定方法研讨

笔者通过对沥青混和料最大理论密度不同确定方法的分析,认为真空实测法比较合理,同时还指出计算法采用的集料相对密度应视集料吸收沥青数量而定.笔者还提出一种计算最大理论密度的新方法 有效体积法,并经过试验证明了有效体积法不但可提高实测效率而且精度完全能满足要求.     

环境噪声的最高允许值

为保证人的基本生活环境所要求的最低声学环境，应该规定一个环境噪声的最高允许值。超过这个允许值会对人的生活环境产生较大的干扰，易引起公众较多的抱怨。最高允许值也是为避免环境噪声对人的健康危害而定的一个安全界限。通过分析环境噪声对人的影响和国内外有关环境标准，提出以噪声级70dB(A)作为最高允许值。     

Apparent phytoplankton bloom due to island mass effect

A continuous monitoring of temperature and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration from a surface water monitoring system and a towed free fall instrument (MVP) around a small island in the Kuroshio showed low sea surface temperature (SST) and high surface Chl-a concentration (SCC) distribution in the lee of the island that indicates typical “island mass effect” phenomena. When the observed Chl-a profiles (0 to 250 m) were integrated, the total amounts in the lee side data were slightly smaller than those of the upstream side of the island. The difference was statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. The cross section diagram of Chl-a indicated the diffusion of subsurface Chl-a maximum (SCM) from the upstream to the downstream flanks of the island. The diffusivity of SCM and the change of potential energy require the same level of strong turbulent dissipation rate at the flanks of the island. That is consistent with our previous direct measurement in a similar hydrodynamic condition. Therefore, the observed high SCC is due to turbulent diffusion of SCM, and clearly showed that high SCC does not require any new production. Although a high fluorescence field behind an isolated island in a strong flow is often visible from satellite images, the images do not necessarily indicate an enhanced primary production at that moment.