基于偏差最大化和信息熵定量比较多种城市交通方式的研究

总结归纳多种城市交通方式的可持续发展属性,建立基于偏差最大化和信息熵的比较优化模型,确定属性差异大则权重大的原则,求解模型,从而进行比较排序评价。为多种交通方式的比较评价提供一种简单客观的计算方法,为城市交通方式规划提供基本依据。方法简单,实用。     

基于网联车辆轨迹数据的周期排队长度估计

近年，基于网联车辆轨迹数据的交通管控与服务研究方兴未艾。其中，信号控制交叉口排队长度估计备受关注。然而，在低渗透率条件下，单个周期内轨迹稀少且提供的交通信息十分有限。现有研究仅以当前周期内网联车辆轨迹数据为输入，难以获得准确且可靠的周期级排队长度估计结果。因此，融合利用历史网联车辆轨迹数据提供的车辆到达和停车位置信息以及当前周期内实时观测的网联车辆排队信息，提出一种基于最大后验概率的周期最大排队长度估计方法。首先，依据历史轨迹数据的停车位置信息，估计排队长度的先验分布；其次，依据历史轨迹数据的车辆到达信息，估计周期内车辆的历史到达分布，并结合周期内最后1辆排队网联车辆的到达时刻与停车位置，构建排队长度似然函数；最后，基于贝叶斯理论，结合前述先验分布与似然函数，推导周期排队长度的后验分布，并采用最大后验概率方法实现周期最大排队长度的估计。仿真结果表明：所提方法在不同饱和度和渗透率条件下，均优于现有的方法；即使在车辆轨迹数不超过1 veh·周期^-1的低渗透率条件下，所提方法的平均绝对估计误差也不超过2 veh·周期^-1。实证结果表明：在渗透率仅为8.96%的条件下，所提方法的平均绝对误差为2.12 veh·周期^-1，平均相对估计误差为12.4%，同样优于现有同类方法。     

风积沙相对密度的试验研究

通过对风积沙相对密度的最大干密度进行室内试验,提出取得风积沙相对密度最大干密度的合理振动时间以及相对密度在风积沙中的适用范围.这对于利用风积沙进行筑路的试验、设计及施工有一定的指导意义.     

青藏铁路清水河地区路基下伏多年冻土地温变化特征研究

研究目的:分析青藏铁路施工区多年冻土上限的变化规律以及填筑铁路路基施工对下伏多年冻土赋存条 件的影响。 研究方法:系统分析埋设在青藏铁路清水河地区路基中2个断面内的共8个地温测试孔3年来采集的地温 观测资料,研究该地区铁路路基下伏高原多年冻土融化特征。 研究结论:由于受到填筑路基时赋存在路基填料内的热量的影响,铁路路基下伏多年冻土近地表的地温变 化特征与天然地面下的多年冻土的地温变化特征有明显的不同,且向阳面与被阴面差别较大。多年冻士的上限 在施工初期会有一个明显的下移沉降,随着时间的推移,虽然残存在路基中的热量逐渐消散,多年冻土上限下 降会逐渐稳定,但由于受到太阳辐射和路基边坡形状及融化夹层的影响,多年冻土上限会逐渐稳定,但不会在 短时期内上升到天然地面下多年冻土的上限水平。     

Estimation of the tyre–road maximum friction coefficient and slip slope based on a novel tyre model

In this article, a new approach to estimate the vehicle tyre forces, tyre–road maximum friction coefficient, and slip slope is presented. Contrary to the majority of the previous work on this subject, a new tyre model for the estimation of the tyre–road interface characterisation is proposed. First, the tyre model is built and compared with those of Pacejka, Dugoff, and one other tyre model. Then, based on a vehicle model that uses four degrees of freedom, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) method is designed to estimate the vehicle motion and tyre forces. The shortcomings of force estimation are discussed in this article. Based on the proposed tyre model and the improved force measurements, another EKF is implemented to estimate the tyre model parameters, including the maximum friction coefficient, slip slope, etc. The tyre forces are accurately obtained simultaneously. Finally, very promising results have been achieved for pure acceleration/braking for varying road conditions, both in pure steering and combined manoeuvre simulations.     

Comparison of various double-lane change manoeuvre specifications

One of the commonly used performance measures to quantify a vehicle's handling transient dynamics is the maximum forward speed (MFS) while passing a certain specified double-lane change (DLC) manoeuvre without violating the boundary and tyre lift-off. The MFS is directly associated with the minimum curvature radius (MCR) of the vehicle centre of gravity (CG) trajectory controlled by the driver during the manoeuvre. The MCR is further affected by the vehicle dimensions to meet the boundary condition. In this study, a single heavy vehicle CG trajectory is assumed to be a combination of three straight lines and two third-order spline curves. A heavy vehicle multi-body system model established with ADAMS/Car is correlated with test data for step-steer and constant radius cornering events, and then the model is used to demonstrate that the assumptions considered in the formulation applied in this paper are valid for this specific vehicle category. The MCRs of four heavy vehicles are maximised among all the possible choices of the vehicle CG trajectory during each of five specific DLC manoeuvres, including North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Allied Vehicle Testing Publication 03-160W), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3888-1, ISO 3888-2, Consumer Union Short Course and Test Operations Procedure 2-2-609. The maximised MCR (MMCR), considered as the best possible choice of vehicle CG trajectories, is further solved as a function of the vehicle width and length. The results will show the sensitivity of the MMCR to the vehicle length and width, thus the impact on the vehicle transient handling dynamics. Finally, the comparison of five DLC specifications may help users to correlate a vehicle's MFS from one specification to others.     

级配碎石基层材料与施工工艺浅析

级配碎石是一种松散材料,可作为沥青路面的基层,研究表明,能有效改善半刚性基层收缩裂缝和反射裂缝的发生,提高基层的排水性能。本文叙述了青海省某高速公路级配碎石基层的材料组成设计及施工工艺。     

一类带存放率的渐近周期竞争扩散系统的稳定性

应用上、下解方法和抛物型方程的极值原理,研究了带存放率的渐近周期竞争系统ut-D1Δu=u（a-bu-cv）＋h,vt-D2Δv=v（d-eu-fv）＋k在齐次Neum ann边界条件下解的渐近性态,得到了该系统的全局渐近稳定性.     

基层材料最佳含水量和最大干密度的确定方法探讨

本文从工程实际出发,针对击实成型的试验方法不能模拟施工现场的压实情况等一些矛盾之处,进行改进方法的探讨。     

集装箱运输多箱三维装载优化问题的遗传算法

作为一类组合优化问题,多约束条件下的三维装载问题属NP-hard问题,随着问题规模的不断增大,传统的优化算法在求解过程中会产生时间维数灾难问题。本文提出一种遗传算法,用于在铁路集装箱运输中优化具有放置方向、装载顺序、装载质量、装载容积及重心等约束条件的货物三维装载问题,并结合方向及顺序约束采用巧妙的个体编码方法,结合装载质量、装载容积及重心约束构造合理的评价函数。实例计算表明该算法有效可行。