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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(5):685-701
A clutch disengagement strategy is proposed for the shift control of automated manual transmissions. The control strategy is based on a drive shaft torque observer. With the estimated drive shaft torque, the clutch can be disengaged as fast as possible without large driveline oscillations, which contributes to the reduction of total shift time and shift shock. The proposed control strategy is tested on a complete powertrain simulation model. It is verified that the system is robust to the variations of driving conditions, such as vehicle mass and road grade. It is also demonstrated that the revised system with switched gain can provide satisfactory performance even under large estimation error of the engine torque. 相似文献
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研究了肋骨非均匀排列对加肋圆柱壳振动特性的影响。首先,以安德森定域效应的原理为基础,肋骨间距为随机分布,分析了肋骨非均匀排列时圆柱壳的振动特性,然后,采用两种肋骨间距,交替排列,构造整个圆柱壳的肋骨不等间距排列形式,两种肋骨间距的确定方法是:保持两种肋骨间距的总和不变,逐步增大两者的间距差,从而增加相邻的肋骨间的两个圆环结构的固有频率差,直至固有频率差趋于不变,最终确定了两种肋骨间距。分别计算并对比分析了肋骨等间距和不等间距排列的圆柱壳的均方振速,结果表明:肋骨不等间距排列具有一定的减振效果。 相似文献
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对于第二积分中值定理中的“中间点”的渐进性问题,将区间的端点推广到区间中的任意点,给出并证明了更一般的结论,改进和推广了现有的相关结论. 相似文献
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基于时间累计法的机车维修性预计分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
张奕奕 《电力机车与城轨车辆》2011,34(6):65-68
基于时间累积法,阐述机车维修性预计工作流程以及系统与LRU平均修复时间的计算方法。并以空调与通风系统为例,说明了系统及LRU平均修复时间的计算过程,并由此得出整车的平均修复时间。文章最后阐述了维修性预计对机车设计的指导作用以及使用时间累积法的局限性。 相似文献
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IntroductionA promising way to stimulate physical activity is to promote the choice for active modes of transport (walking and cycling). Over the past years, several interventions and policies have been implemented to stimulate this mode shift. However, information concerning the effectiveness of these interventions and policies is still limited. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effectiveness of interventions designed to stimulate a shift from car use to cycling or walking and to obtain insight into the intervention tools that have been used to promote and/or implement these interventions.MethodsFive databases were searched and articles published in English, Dutch, German, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish were included. Only studies that focussed on a mode shift from car use towards active transport in a general adult population, which were published in peer reviewed journals and which investigated effectiveness were included. Intervention tools used were categorized by using the model of Hoogerwerf & Herweijer, as either legal, economic (subsidy, reward system, penalty), communicative (written materials, behavioural tools) and physical tools (providing bicycles, providing better bicycle facilities at work, adjustment of the environment).ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Studies included described work-place-based interventions, architectural and urbanistic adjustments, population-wide interventions, and bicycle-renting systems. Nearly all studies (except three) showed positive effects concerning a mode shift. Most of the included studies used more than one intervention tool and the tools used differed between types of interventions. However, information about the statistical significance of these results was often lacking and the study methodologies used were not of high quality.ConclusionNearly all studies showed results in a positive direction. However, the quality of the included studies was mostly low and intervention characteristics were poorly described. 相似文献
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以成功应用于京沪线提速工程中的自动闭塞系统为例,介绍了ZPW-2000A的试验流程和模拟试验方法,并针对ZPW-2000A特有的小轨道探讨了模拟方案. 相似文献