软弱围岩隧道安全快速施工技术研究

软弱围岩的力学特征及其变形规律是实现软弱围岩隧道安全快速施工的理论基础。强度低、变形大、变形时间长、变形速度快是软弱围岩的基本特征,因此在软弱围岩隧道施工过程中,必须根据围岩应力调整的特征及其变形规律,合理选择开挖分部和开挖进尺,切实做好超前支护,加强施工管理,按照"预支护、快挖、快支、快封闭"的施工原则,实现软弱围岩隧道安全快速施工。     

盾构隧道管片接缝三元乙丙橡胶密封垫力学性能影响因素敏感度分析

为研究盾构隧道管片接缝三元乙丙橡胶密封垫力学性能的影响因素,首先,以实际工程为背景,采用自主设计的试验系统进行试验,并以此验证数值模型的可靠性; 然后,利用数值模型,采用正交分析方法,对密封垫断面参数(开孔形状、断面开槽数量、断面开孔率)、密封垫橡胶材料硬度、密封垫拼装姿态(张开量、错位量)进行六因素三水平的密封垫力学性能影响因素的敏感度分析; 最后,结合力学性能研究与防水性能预测需求,提出以闭合压缩力、密封垫接触应力分布作为分析指标。研究结果表明: 1)针对密封垫装配时所需的闭合压缩力,其影响因素主次顺序为张开量、断面开孔率、橡胶硬度、开槽数量、开孔形状、其他因素以及错位量; 2)密封垫接触应力分布的影响因素主次顺序为开孔形状、断面开孔率、错位量、其他因素、张开量、橡胶硬度、开槽数量。根据研究结果选取对密封垫力学性能影响较为显著的因素进行单因素分析,然后根据分析结果及橡胶垫密封垫防水性能预测方法, 提出背景工程管片接缝密封垫的优化方案。     

机械复合管在海底管道中的应用

原油、湿气含有CO2或H2S是造成海底管道内腐蚀失效的主要原因之一。机械复合管作为一种新型管材,可以有效解决CO2或H2S造成的内腐蚀问题,在国际上得到了广泛应用,但其在国内油气田开发海底管道中,尚无应用先例。文中介绍了机械复合管的制造原理、设计制造规范、用作海底管道的技术要求、海上安装技术特点以及应用前景。文中研究了机械复合管在海底管道中应用对设计制造和安装技术的要求,以推动其在国内油气田开发海底管道中的应用。     

Adoption intentions for micro-mobility – Insights from electric scooter sharing in Taiwan

Micro-mobility may alleviate a number of challenges facing big cities today, and offer a pathway toward more sustainable urban transportation. This research investigates what factors influence university students’ intention to use an electric scooter sharing service. A theoretical framework adapting the theory of planned behaviour was used. Survey responses from 471 university students in Taiwan were collected. Data were analysed using factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Respondents with different levels of usage intention and in different stages of behavioural change display distinct reasoning patterns. Lack of perceived compatibility with personal values, mobility needs and life-style particularly drives students with low usage intention and pre-contemplators, who show signs of “green hypocrisy”. Awareness-knowledge about the sharing system and environmental values influence the formation of usage intention in indirect ways. This study is intended to be a reference for subsequent conceptual and empirical work on e-scooter sharing in particular, and shared mobility with other types of powered two-wheelers.     

Travel attitudes and mode use among Asian international students at an Australian university

International students and immigrants in general are fuelling the growth in Australia’s population and the pressure that is putting on its urban transport systems. Yet, we know very little about their travel habits and limited previous research has been previously undertaken to address this gap. To address this research need, this study draws on a survey that was designed and distributed online and on-campus to students at Australia’s largest university (Monash University). Using multivariate statistical tools including factor analysis and multinomial logistic regression, significant differences were found between native-born Australian and Asian international students with regards to their mode perceptions, present travel habits and socio-demographics. For Asian students, attitudes towards non-car mode decrease and car-dependency increases the longer they reside in Australia. The findings of this research further highlight the need to encourage newer immigrants to use more sustainable travel options and highlight the relevance for local government and policy planners to support further research in this area, given that these international students have the potential to be key agents for travel behaviour change.     

A3T材质车轴产品试制工艺研究及性能分析

A3T是BS 5892-1标准中一种调质车轴材质,文中研究了基于A3T材质的车轴产品的试制工艺,通过控制化学成分、电弧炉熔炼、炉外精炼、真空脱气处理、保护浇铸及轧制成型、车轴经快锻机锻造以及悬挂式电加热炉热处理等过程工艺,制定出了合理的工艺参数,生产的车轴综合性能良好,其力学性能达到了BS 5892-1标准要求,该产品填补了国内空白。     

深埋软岩盾构斜井支护结构受力特性及关键设计研究

针对长距离斜井埋深变化大、软岩大变形、高地应力等工程特点,开展了管片结构横向受力特性及支护结构关键设计研究。研究表明:(1)管片压力与围岩收敛位移成反比;管片弯矩内侧比外侧较大;管片轴力外侧较内侧大,随水压力增加,内外侧轴力也相应增加,且增长速率逐渐变大。(2)综合多种管片结构计算方法,进行全段的配筋设计,提出"等厚不等强"的管片结构设计。(3)设计了盾构施工煤矿斜井新型组合式管片支护结构,其支护核心是以加长锚索主动控制为前提、壁后填充层让压柔性支护为重点、等厚不等强的管片结构受力为根本。     

几种螺旋桨材料的空蚀特性的试验研究

本文介绍了几种螺旋桨材料的空蚀试验结果。为便于比较也列入普通黄铜的结果。试验装置是转盘。试验过程中观察了盘上空泡,记录试件的失重、成孔率和表面情况的变化。最后分析不同速度下剥蚀强度的变化趋势、剥蚀阻抗与材料机械特性的关系。     

铁路框架地道桥受下穿隧道施工影响的研究

采用荷载结构模型及连续介质力学模型分别对铁路顶桥受下穿地铁区间隧道施工影响所产生的沉降及内力变化进行计算分析 ,并据此提出下穿框架式地道桥的地铁区间的设计及施工的有关技术要求。     

船用电控共轨型柴油机的最新技术特点和管理

阐述了电控共轨柴油机的工作过程和特点，着重分析比较两大主流机型（Sulzer RT—flex和MAN—B＆W ME／ME—C）。通过与传统型柴油机在性能和结构上的比较，介绍了电控柴油机的优点，探讨船用柴油机电子喷射燃油系统的运行管理措施，指出电控共轨燃油喷射系统NOx排放可完全符合MARPOL73／78国际防污公约的最新要求，从而进一步改善船舶柴油机的经济性、可靠性。这是船用柴油机的发展方向。