双线铁路箱梁施工过程中端块的受力分析

研究目的:为了满足施工中预应力钢筋张拉及锚固的需要,箱梁端部在构造上较为复杂。而在预应力筋初张拉、终张拉、落梁以及二期恒载作用下,对于各个阶段端块的受力及其变化状况尚需进一步分析与探讨。研究方法:结合某客运专线双线桥预应力混凝土简支整体箱梁的施工,对于其施工过程中端块的受力进行了分析计算和讨论。按实体块单元的有限元计算理论,建立全梁整体分析的三维空间有限元模型,从计算结果中提取出端块部分的受力情况进行比较和分析。研究结果:通过在不同阶段施工荷载作用下端块的受力计算,给出端块内外侧截面的受力情况,进而对双线铁路整体箱梁的端部在设计及施工中应注意的问题进行了探讨。     

柴油机气缸盖机械变形和应力的精确三维分析

本文在分析了国内外大量气缸盖结构分析算例特点的基础上,对16V240ZJ柴油机气缸盖的机械应力用三维有限元法在微机上进行了比较全面细致的计算,在计算模型中,对气缸盖各部分结构都不作替代简化;在边界条件的处理方面,计入了气缸套的弹性,并与刚性支承边界条件计算结果进行了比较,计算求得的位移和应力分布规律与实测完全一致,最大位移误差6.5％,最大压应力误差7.4％。     

新型大跨空间结构——索穹顶结构

介绍一种新型大跨空间结构——索穹顶结构的发展历程和结构特点,并对索穹顶结构进行了分类;论述索穹顶结构在计算模型和有限元分析方面的理论、方法和进展;阐述索穹顶结构的施工方法,并对索穹顶结构的研究状况进行回顾与展望。     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

洛阳地区上第三系岩石的工程特性

从洛阳地区上第三系岩石的古地理环境入手,然后根据岩性特征进行分类,并采用原位测试与室内试验等方法对各类岩石的物理力学性质进行了检测,最后提出了工程中重要的参数———岩石容许承载力,为研究洛阳地区的上第三系岩石积累了较丰富的资料,对工程实践具有较强的指导性。     

岩溶隧道地质构造与围岩等级的划分

研究目的:对于碳酸盐岩的围岩等级划分,往往和非可溶岩有所混淆,因此围岩等级的划分往往偏低。通过在断层部位和影响范围取样,作偏光鉴定及岩石力学试验,加之隧道内施工地质测绘资料,对碳酸盐岩的围岩等级和稳定性给予重新的定位和评价。研究结论:碳酸盐岩受断裂构造影响,其岩石强度的大小,与断裂距离远近有关。但由于方解石的再胶结作用,岩石强度虽然大大降低,但岩体整体性仍显较好,因此围岩等级划定可以较非可溶岩类予以提高;岩溶地质灾害地段与碳酸盐岩围岩是突变性的,应按特别加强设计进行处理。     

非接触在线监测在地铁机电设备中的应用

现代工业自动化测控技术融合了传感器、控制、计算机等技术,推动了工业新技术的进步,也推动了机电设备在线监测与诊断技术的发展。目前,新的在线监测技术得到了迅速的发展,研究和应用机电设备故障诊断技术是测控技术的主要任务之一。在线机电设备故障诊断技术是一门工程实际与理论评估紧密结合的综合性的新技术。结合地铁系统中机电设备在线监测的研究,探索非接触在线监测在地铁中的应用。     

城轨车辆辅助逆变器设计选型与发展趋势

城轨车辆采用静止辅助逆变器作为逆变电源。文章简要介绍了常见的几种辅助逆变器的拓扑结构,比较了它们的优缺点,重点介绍了高频隔离变压器方案,并对未来辅助逆变器的发展趋势作出展望。     

高速公路机电工程养护质量检验评定标准简介

针对高速公路营运过程中机电工程养护质量没有检验评定标准的现状,分析高速公路机电工程养护情况的现状和特点,不难看出高速公路机电工程养护质量检验评定标准编制与研究的必要性和紧迫性.     

Analytical extension of the effective axle characteristics concept for the development of a structured chassis design process

The lateral vehicle dynamics is defined by the effects of side forces at the front and rear axle. These forces are caused by the slip and camber angle at the individual tyres, which are results of the kinematics and compliances of the chassis. This paper extends the approach of the effective axle characteristics by Paceyka to the analytical expression of the axle cornering stiffness and the axle relaxation behaviour with the aim of the development of a chassis design process as it applies in the early design stage. The obtained expression is integrated into a single track model and validated against a full nonlinear two-track model. By this means of these analytical expressions for the axle cornering stiffness and the axle relaxation behaviour it is possible to directly calculate and analyse the effective slip angles for linear quasi-static and dynamic driving manoeuvres.