厦门地区含盐地层冻土力学性能试验研究

在海底地层中进行冻结法施工时,海水浸渍使地层中的含盐量增加,从而影响到形成冻土帷幕的物理力学性质。为了获得海底含盐地层的冻土物理力学参数,针对厦门地区地铁建设中涉及的含盐地层,从施工现场采集了原装土样,在试验室中完成了原状土及重塑土冻结后的物理力学参数测试,获得了不同地层的单轴抗压强度值。试验结果表明,重塑土样和原状土样的试验过程具有较好的一致性,获得的应力-应变曲线和强度值相差不大。同时,砂性土具有较高的强度和较大的弹性模量,而黏性土的单轴抗压强度相对较低,并呈现出明显的峰值现象。     

锚拉板区域焊缝消除应力后性能试验分析

基于重庆江津观音岩长江大桥的斜拉索和主梁的锚固采用拉板式的锚固方式,大部分板件为厚钢板,锚拉板各板件之间各焊缝进行了焊接应力消除工艺,对消除应力后的焊缝进行了各项试验检测。应用数理统计分析理论及SPSS分析软件,判断焊缝的试验检测结果是否符合正态分布规律;采用概率的置信区判断焊缝是否达到相关的力学性能要求,确保斜拉桥主梁与锚拉板焊缝连接的安全和传力的可靠。     

Effect of attitudes, habit and affective appraisal on mode choice: an application to university workers

Traditionally, car use and modal choice, in general, have been studied under the random utility framework, assuming that individuals choose a particular mode based on their own socio-economic characteristics and the attributes describing the available options. This approach has originated useful models which have been able to explain modal split. However, at the same time, it has received critics because of its poor characterization of human behaviour and the weakness of its assumptions. Research has suggested that socio-psychological factors could help to understand better the choice process. In this paper, attitudinal theory and its link to human behaviour were used to select attitudes, habit and affective appraisals as explanatory variables. They were measured using ad-hoc instruments, which were combined with a revealed preference questionnaire, in order to obtain information about the traveller and the chosen mode. This instrument was applied to a sample extracted from staff members of the University of Concepcion, Chile. Analyses of attitudinal variables showed that car use habit was positively correlated to attitude and positive emotions towards car, implying that breaking the vicious circle of car use through persuasive techniques might be difficult. Estimation of discrete choice models showed that attitudinal variables presented a significant contribution to modal utility, and helped to improve both fitness and statistical significance. Results showed that choice can be influenced by factors related to attitudes and affective appraisal, and that their study is necessary in order to achieve an effective car use reduction.

后张预应力孔道对桥梁横截面力学特性影响

从PC桥梁力学行为入手,通过数值分析的方法,分析PC桥在不同横向受力状态下箱梁截面应力分布的规律及受力特性,研究预应力孔道对PC桥梁截面受力特性的影响,从而为该类桥梁箱梁开裂等问题的对策研究提供理论依据。     

基于独立分量的信息极大化法机械振动盲分离研究

基于最大信息化原理,建立了用独立分量分析方法估计分离矩阵的自适应算法.利用所建立的方法进行了数值仿真,分离后信号波形与源信号一致.对具有不同转速的调速电机进行了多传感器信号采集并进行盲分离,电机的频率被有效的区分开来.实例证明,该方法是分离机械振动信号的一种有效方法.     

Modelling daily activity program generation considering within-day and day-to-day dynamics in activity-travel behaviour

This paper presents a comprehensive econometric modelling framework for daily activity program generation. It is for day-specific activity program generations of a week-long time span. Activity types considered are 15 generic categories of non-skeletal and flexible activities. Under the daily time budget and non-negativity of participation rate constraints, the models predict optimal sets of frequencies of the activities under consideration (given the average duration of each activity type). The daily time budget considers at-home basic needs and night sleep activities together as a composite activity. The concept of composite activity ensures the dynamics and continuity of time allocation and activity/travel behaviour by encapsulating altogether the activity types that are not of our direct interest in travel demand modelling. Workers’ total working hours (skeletal activity and not a part of the non-skeletal activity time budget) are considered as a variable in the models to accommodate the scheduling effects inside the generation model of non-skeletal activities. Incorporation of previous day’s total executed activities as variables introduces day-to-day dynamics into the activity program generation models. The possibility of zero frequency of any specific activity under consideration is ensured by the Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions used for formulating the model structure. Models use the concept of random utility maximization approach to derive activity program set. Estimations of the empirical models are done using the 2002–2003 CHASE survey data set collected in Toronto.

蛋形耐压壳力学特性研究

深入研究了复合材料蛋形耐压壳的力学特性.首先建立蛋形耐压壳母线方程及解析法力学模型;在此基础上,推出极限强度载荷、屈曲临界载荷与厚度的定量关系式,以及厚度和浮力系数的求解方程,并研究了同比条件下球形耐压壳的力学特性.结果表明,蛋形耐压壳综合性能优于球形耐压壳,可最优协调强度稳定性、浮力系数、空间利用率、人机环特性以及水动力学特性,且对缺陷敏感性低,便于开孔、开窗,在深海潜水器上具有良好的应用前景.     

Gender differences in travel behaviour and willingness to adopt sustainable behaviour

This paper presents pioneering research on gender differences in travel behaviour in southeastern Europe. The study analyses the socio-economic and main travel characteristics (particularly parking) of men and women. Additionally, it examines the influence of parking demand management measures on their behaviour, in terms of the willingness of men and women to reduce car use and to adopt more sustainable behaviour. The results reveal significant differences between genders in most of the characteristics examined. Moreover, it is shown that women are less car dependent and more sensitive to parking pricing and, therefore, more willing to replace a car journey with public transport. These findings suggest that gender should be an essential parameter when user behaviour is examined and modelled. Furthermore, the results indicate that gender differences must be considered when transport policy is created to affect the behaviour of men and women equally. The achievement of social equality is one of the primary objectives of sustainable development.     

混凝土二次搅拌的机理分析

针对混凝土强度破坏常发生在水泥石与骨料界面的情况,指出传统混凝土搅拌工艺在提高水泥分散性、水化程度以及平衡混凝土界面过渡区强度梯度等方面存在的不足,提出用新的二次搅拌工艺改善混凝土界面区的结构和性质,可提高混凝土性能。剖析了二次搅拌的机理,并与传统搅拌方法进行了对比。结果表明：二次搅拌改善了混凝土界面的微观匀质性;减少了水泥颗粒的团聚现象,提高了水化程度;改善了混凝土界面区的水化物分布状态,综合提高了混凝土各项性能。     

客车用可升降空气悬架系统

近几年空气悬架在客车上的应用日益广泛。功能也不断增加。简要介绍了由机械控制和电子控制的客车用可升降空气悬架的控制方式、组成、工作原理及在车辆上匹配时的注意事项。