推土机动力传动系统的合理匹配仿真研究

为了给推土机传动系统设计提供参考,进一步提高推土机的动力性和燃油经济性,针对某大型液力机械传动的履带推土机,考虑了地面附着条件、换挡油压等因素的影响,在Simulink/Sim-Driveline环境下建立了推土机整机动力传动系统仿真模型;以表征推土机动力性和经济性的综合评价指标为目标函数,采用Simulink/SimDriveline模型与M文件联合编程的方法,对推土机传动系统的2个重要参数——变矩器有效直径和整机质量进行优化,得到了其最佳匹配组合,并将优化前后推土机驱动链轮输出功率和当量比油耗数值进行对比.结果表明:在推土机典型工况中的铲掘、运土和松土阶段,推土机驱动链轮输出功率有所提高,驱动链轮当量比油耗有不同程度的下降,推土机的动力性和经济性指标得到了改善.     

Brittle failure caused by lamellar splitting in a large-scale tubular joint with fatigue cracks

This paper reports a new incidence of brittle failure by lamellar splitting in a large-scale tubular X-joint and examines the possible causes of this failure. The X-joint, with multiple pre-existing fatigue cracks at the weld toe along the brace-to-chord intersection, experiences brittle failure during a monotonic in-plane bending test. Post-test sectioning of the material around the brace-to-chord intersection reveals lamellar splitting in the mid-thickness of the chord wall instead of rapid extensions of the fatigue cracks in the through-thickness direction. The lamellar splitting observed in this test differs from the conventional lamellar tearing both in its appearance and in its causes. The elongated nonmetallic inclusions concentrated at the mid-thickness, as revealed by the microscopic scanning, leads to delamination cracking near the mid-thickness and subsequently to the brittle failure of the joint. The material requirements in prevailing engineering codes do not suffice to prohibit the lamellar splitting failure observed in this study, which may cause catastrophic failures in engineering structures designed with insufficient redundancy.     

不同荷载作用下半刚性沥青路面力学响应规律

基于半刚性基层路面典型结构建立三维力学模型,综合考虑常载、常载+刹车、超载和超载+刹车4种组合荷载,采用双轮最不利矩形接触面形式,并运用特征路径分析方式,数值模拟了路表及深层内力学响应规律。结果表明:刹车对路表弯沉和路基顶面压应变影响较小,超载影响显著;刹车主要对面层弯拉应力影响较大,并使上面层出现较大拉应力,对基层基本无影响,超载使基层弯拉应力增大显著;超载和刹车对剪应力峰值增大明显,特别是刹车使剪应力增大极其显著;在不同荷载作用下,从路表沿深度方向力学响应峰值位置会发生变化,在进行沥青路面结构设计和力学分析时应取相应位置处的值作为力学控制指标。     

倒Y型挡土墙力学特性研究

介绍了倒Y型挡土墙的结构特点、力学特性,并与悬臂式、重力式挡土墙进行对比。结合工程实例,采用解析计算和数值分析相结合的方法求得3种挡土墙的稳定系数、侧向土压力及基底应力等,并对计算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:倒Y型挡土墙的自重、侧向土压力及基底应力均最小,探讨了倒Y型挡土墙相对于悬臂式和重力式挡土墙的优越性。     

飞机刹车动力试验台机电混合惯量模拟技术研究

飞机刹车动力试验台对于飞机刹车系统的研制具有重要的作用。通过分析当前试验台惯量模拟技术的优劣,提出了新的机电混合惯量模拟技术。应用该技术建造该类设备或改造已有设备,可提高动力试验精度,降低设备的造价,同时大幅减少设备的能耗及试验成本,具有节能降耗的示范意义。     

Some features of non-linear travel time models for dynamic traffic assignment

Abstract

This paper investigates some features of non-linear travel time models for dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) that adopt traffic on the link as the sole determinant for the calculation of travel time and have explicit relationships between travel time and traffic on the link. Analytical proofs and numerical examples are provided to show first-in-first-out (FIFO) violation and the behaviour of decreasing outflow with increasing traffic in non-linear travel time models. It is analytically shown that any non-linear travel time model could violate FIFO in some circumstances, especially when inflow drops sharply, and some convex non-linear travel time models could show behaviour with outflow decreasing as traffic increases. It is also shown that the linear travel time model does not show these behaviours. A non-linear travel time model in general form was used for analytical proofs and several existing non-linear travel time models were adopted for numerical examples. Considering the features addressed in this study, non-linear travel time models seem to have limitations for use in DTA in practical terms and care should be taken when they are used for modelling time-varying transportation networks.     

基于结构增抗技术的高腹板环肋双层圆柱壳声振设计研究

针对水下航行体降低线谱的要求,基于结构增抗技术进行环肋双层圆柱壳结构设计.从提高舱段结构针对线谱频率的机械阻抗入手,引入圆柱壳的圆截面内运动假设,运用Donnell壳体理论推导了有限长环肋圆柱壳振动声辐射的径向模态总阻抗;分析了环肋径向模态机械阻抗的变化规律,提出了一种高腹板环肋双层壳结构;并对该新型结构进行了声振特性分析,与从强度角度出发的常规双层壳结构的声学性能进行了比较.结果表明,增大肋骨的径向机械阻抗可提高舱段总的模态机械阻抗;增加环肋的截面积和惯性矩可以增大环肋的径向机械阻抗;高腹板环肋双层壳具有提高舱段整体的模态机械阻抗,能显著降低低频噪声线谱的优点.     

流固耦合下的复合材料螺旋桨变形特性研究

为了研究易变性复合材料螺旋桨在水动力作用下的变形特性,通过流体计算控制方程和结构有限元方程,建立复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合算法,并利用Ansys／AnsysCFX软件计算流固耦合下指定材料的系列螺旋桨水动力性能,将NBA材料桨计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了流固耦合算法的准确性。分析了指定复合材料螺旋桨变形前后水动力性能变化,在此基础之上,进一步分析了复合材料桨叶在特定进速下的应力分布,以及不同进速下各桨叶的变形规律。     

工业纯锆焊缝金相组织和力学性能

为了研究工业纯锆在焊缝不同区域的分布、金相组织和力学性能之间的关系,采用TIG方法焊接锆R60702工业纯锆板对接焊缝,采用光学显微镜、电子探针和显微硬度计等仪器,分析焊缝母材区、热影响区、熔合区和焊缝区的金相组织、机械性能和元素分布特性.研究结果表明:对接接头各区域的组织不同,母材区的晶粒为等轴状,呈面织构;不完全重结晶区的晶粒亦为等轴状,而且更细于母材晶粒,因而强度、塑性优良;过热区的晶粒则较粗大;焊缝区组织为铸态晶粒,形状为纤维状;对接接头各区的元素分布较为均匀,没有明显的偏析现象;焊接接头的硬度呈W型分布,最高硬度分布在焊缝区达到290 HV50 g,最低硬度分布在不完全重结晶区,达到162 HV50 g,过热区则介于母材区与焊缝区之间.      

城市轨道交通机电设备报警的规律发掘与预测模型选择

本文提出了一种理论算法模拟预测机电设备发生故障与运行状态,并与实际数据相结合比较进行校正.在不断采集早期机电设备数据的同时,进行算法的优化从而建立一套行之有效的预测模型,并用直观的图形方式显现给用户.在日常运营维护中,这套模型的运用帮助管理人员对机电设备的运行状况有先期的了解,并对设备的突发问题有一定的预警预测作用.