碾压混凝土力学特性及本构模型研究

为了解岷江流域某高拱坝坝体碾压混凝土的力学特性，对取自该坝体的碾压混凝土试样，进行了常规三轴压缩和直接剪切全过程试验。根据试验资料，对碾压混凝土在常规三轴压缩和直接剪切作用下的变形、强度、破裂特性及其本构特性进行了详细分析。结果显示，碾压混凝土在三轴压缩下的切线模量较大，而抗压强度相对较小；三轴压缩下的抗剪强度参数与直接剪切下的抗剪强度参数的差值较小。     

复合沥青材料的钢桥面铺装力学计算

采用有限单元法。对正交各向异性板的钢箱梁以及桥面铺装进行了力学分析,通过模型分步评价钢桥和桥面铺装的相互作用效果,重点分析包括横隔板等大型构件在连续分布条件下的力学特征和U型肋的局部影响因素．荷载考虑重载车辆的垂直荷载和重载车遇到刹车时产生的力学变化。以界面的剪切破坏作为研究对象的主要破坏形式,针对这种主要的破坏形式,从力学分析的原理出发,相应地提出了力学分析的指标。同时,还对铺装层结构．铺装层模量以及超载等进行了一系列的敏感度分析,最终提出了考虑气候、交通量和超载的综合指标。     

高强度洋流作用下沉管的力学性能研究

沉管水下沉放中,管节与船舶采用缆索连接吊放下沉.为解决外海复杂海况条件下,船管缆系耦合受力的状态与水下管节的位移不受控和缆力超限的问题,通过数值仿真计算和物模试验相结合的方式,分析了不同沉放深度的沉管沉放过程中,船舶受外载荷和管节水下受水动力双重作用时的动力响应情况.通过计算和试验,开展了自由状态下的衰减试验、系泊系统下模型单自由度运动衰减试验、作业状态下沉管和安装船运动响应及各缆绳的受力测量,得到系泊缆、沉管吊缆和安装缆,在浪、流组合作用下的受力和水下运动位移情况,选取了适用于本项目管节沉放施工缆系的关键力学取值,并进行了工程应用验证和对比分析,证明了该研究成果的正确性,研究成果可为类似工程大型构件水下精确沉放和施工提供技术依据.     

围压对错缝拼装管片衬砌结构力学性能的影响

为了探明围压对盾构隧道错缝拼装管片衬砌结构力学性能的影响,以苏通GIL电力管廊隧道为工程背景,采用"多功能盾构隧道结构体试验系统"对3种不同围压下的错缝拼装的管片衬砌结构进行了原型加载试验,从管片衬砌结构的内力、变形、纵缝张开、螺栓应变和主筋应变等方面研究了围压对管片衬砌结构的影响。研究结果表明：①围压变化对管片衬砌结构弯矩的大小和分布影响较小,而对轴力大小和分布影响较大,围压增大,管片衬砌结构的轴力分布更为均匀;②管片衬砌结构的形变呈现不规则的"椭圆形",围压增大可显著降低管片衬砌结构的整体形变,提高管片衬砌结构的稳定性;③围压增大有利于控制管片纵缝张开量,减小螺栓的应变;④围压的增大能够降低管片内侧主筋拉应变,但管片外侧主筋的压应力会随围压的增大而增大,使得正常使用阶段管片外侧主筋应力由压应力控制;⑤围压增大能够有效延长管片衬砌结构单点位移、纵缝张开、螺栓应变线性变化过程,延缓了管片衬砌结构进入塑性变形的时间;⑥高围压条件下管片结构处于高轴压受力状态,使得管片结构外侧受压钢筋应力增大,易造成钢筋屈服先于混凝土压溃发生,使管片结构抗压强度降低。在进行工程设计时,建议对高围压下管片结构的外侧受压钢筋进行加强设计。     

深海逃逸舱对接面O形圈的密封性能及力学特性

以深海逃逸舱O形密封圈为研究对象,采用ABAQUS软件建立2维轴对称有限元模型,针对O形圈的安装预压缩、单侧海水施压和双侧海水施压3种工况开展密封性能及力学特性研究,并以O形圈截面直径、压缩率和海水环境压力为变量因素分析其对O形圈密封性能和力学特性的影响。结果表明:所选O形圈在特定变量范围内的密封性能良好,不发生失效现象;O形圈安装预紧力随其截面直径、压缩率的增大而显著增大;逃逸舱解脱过程中,O形圈对其产生的作用合力表现为对对接法兰面的顶推力,该顶推力有利于逃逸舱解脱,且其大小随O形圈直径和压缩率的增大而增大。研究结论可为逃逸舱连接及解脱装置的设计提供参考依据。     

力学子单元模型在蠕变分析中的应用

本文把力学子单元模型引伸到蠕变分析工作中,采用一系列表示稳态蠕变的“子层”来模拟瞬态蠕变,避免了蠕变应变率的奇异性和时间变量的转换等问题,克服了“直接法”和“间接法”的不足,以及直接采用力学子单元模型难以确定各力学子层材料参数的困难。算例表明,本文模型提供的计算结果与理论解和已有的数值解均吻合良好。     

沥青混凝土桥面铺装粘结层性能比选

为比选六种常用防水粘结层材料的力学性能,分别对试件进行斜剪试验、拉拔试验、疲劳试验,从而确定了最佳防水粘结层材料;在此基础上,研究洒布量与抗剪强度、拉拔强度之间的关系,并采用单因素方差分析方法对试验结果进行检验,从而确定了最佳洒布量。试验结果表明:MMA抗剪切性能、抗拉拔性能以及疲劳性能均为最优,MMA最佳洒布量为160~170 g/m~2。     

Development of a behaviorally induced system optimal travel demand management system

The basic design concept of most advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) is to present generic information to travelers, leaving travelers to react to the information in their own way. This “passive” way of managing traffic by providing generic traffic information makes it difficult to predict the outcome and may even incur an adverse effect, such as overreaction (also referred to as the herding effect). Active traffic and demand management (ATDM) is another approach that has received continual attention from both academic research and real-world practice, aiming to effectively influence people's travel demand, provide more travel options, coordinate between travelers, and reduce the need for travel. The research discussed in this article deals with how to provide users with a travel option that aims to minimize the marginal system impact that results from this routing. The goal of this research is to take better advantage of the available real-time traffic information provided by ATIS, to further improve the system level traffic condition from User Equilibrium (UE), or a real-world traffic system that is worse than UE, toward System Optimal (SO), and avoid passively managing traffic. A behaviorally induced, system optimal travel demand management model is presented to achieve this goal through incremental routing. Both analytical derivation and numerical analysis have been conducted on Tucson network in Arizona, as well as on the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO) network in Austin, TX. The outcomes of both studies show that our proposed modeling framework is promising for improving network traffic conditions toward SO, and results in substantial economic savings.     

高海拔特长隧道低压低氧环境施工控制技术研究——供氧技术标准、关键通风技术、施工人员组织、施工装备效率

为解决高海拔地区低压和低氧环境带来的隧道施工供氧、通风等技术难题,采用现场试验及测试的方法,对高海拔隧道施工人员缺氧状况、供氧效果、机械排污量等进行研究,结合理论推导及数值计算,得到如下结果:人体的缺氧危险等级分为严重缺氧(Ⅰ)、缺氧(Ⅱ)、存在缺氧危险(Ⅲ)和不缺氧(Ⅳ)4级;基于肺泡氧分压与氧气体积分数关系的不同缺氧等级下的氧气体积分数控制标准;不同海拔CO体积分数控制标准模型;基于风管开口处流量理论的风管漏风率海拔修正系数计算公式;风机风压、功率的海拔修正系数公式;考虑人体劳动的平均能量代谢率海拔修正系数的不同海拔下施工人员劳动强度指数及强度等级。     

Smartphones as an integrated platform for monitoring driver behaviour: The role of sensor fusion and connectivity

Nowadays, more than half of the world’s web traffic comes from mobile phones, and by 2020 approximately 70 percent of the world’s population will be using smartphones. The unprecedented market penetration of smartphones combined with the connectivity and embedded sensing capability of smartphones is an enabler for the large-scale deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). On the downside, smartphones have inherent limitations such as relatively limited energy capacity, processing power, and accuracy. These shortcomings may potentially limit their role as an integrated platform for monitoring driver behaviour in the context of ITS. This study examines this hypothesis by reviewing recent scientific contributions. The Cybernetics theoretical framework was employed to allow a systematic comparison. First, only a few studies consider the smartphone as an integrated platform. Second, a lack of consistency between the approaches and metrics used in the literature is noted. Last but not least, areas such as fusion of heterogeneous information sources, Deep Learning and sparse crowd-sensing are identified as relatively unexplored, and future research in these directions is suggested.