User perspectives in public transport timetable optimisation

The present paper deals with timetable optimisation from the perspective of minimising the waiting time experienced by passengers when transferring either to or from a bus. Due to its inherent complexity, this bi-level minimisation problem is extremely difficult to solve mathematically, since timetable optimisation is a non-linear non-convex mixed integer problem, with passenger flows defined by the route choice model, whereas the route choice model is a non-linear non-continuous mapping of the timetable. Therefore, a heuristic solution approach is developed in this paper, based on the idea of varying and optimising the offset of the bus lines. Varying the offset for a bus line impacts the waiting time passengers experience at any transfer stop on the bus line.In the bi-level timetable optimisation problem, the lower level is a transit assignment calculation yielding passengers’ route choice. This is used as weight when minimising waiting time by applying a Tabu Search algorithm to adapt the offset values for bus lines. The updated timetable then serves as input in the following transit assignment calculation. The process continues until convergence.The heuristic solution approach was applied on the large-scale public transport network in Denmark. The timetable optimisation approach yielded a yearly reduction in weighted waiting time equivalent to approximately 45 million Danish kroner (9 million USD).     

Using SenseCam to pursue “ground truth” for global positioning system travel surveys

Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys have been conducted for the past decade. Although GPS records were initially regarded as providing “ground truth” of travel, it has been found subsequently that they have some errors. SenseCam, a small passive digital camera, provides a chance to pursue ground truth by capturing images every 20 s on average. This paper discusses how SenseCam could help GPS data collection and shows potential benefits for both SenseCam and GPS research. This paper also investigates the performance of GPS devices in detail in terms of recording data by comparisons between GPS results and SenseCam images. The specific issue of missing GPS data is discussed and examined in this paper.     

半刚性基层沥青路面冷再生稳定剂分析及选择

根据基层的性能要求,选定水泥作为现场冷再生的稳定剂,并从力学性能、抗冻性能、抗冲刷性能、耐久性能和抗收缩性能等方面分析冷再生沥青混合料在材料组成上的特点,可供同行参考和借鉴。     

佛开高速公路北江大桥改造前后力学性能分析

佛开高速公路北江大桥采用主桥拆除重建、引桥顶升加固的改造方案。由于引桥连续工字梁存在结构性病害，顶升对梁体的影响需进行评估。同时，顶升误差将导致梁体产生次应力，可能导致梁体出现新的损伤，此外，顶升过程中连续工字梁的结构体系多次发生转换，多次体系转换后梁体的受力性能是否满足要求需进行分析。对北江大桥引桥连续工字梁的典型联跨改造前后的受力性能进行分析，得到其受力性能的变化规律，为桥梁改造施工提供理论依据。     

水泥对半刚性路面混凝土力学性能影响研究

针对水泥对半刚性路面混凝土力学性能的重要影响,按照混凝土力学性能试验方法,对半刚性路面混凝土抗压强度与模量、抗折强度与模量及劈裂抗拉强度等力学指标进行研究。结果表明,水泥用量的较小变化极大影响混凝土的力学性能。针对水泥的无机水硬性胶凝材料特点,通过微观试验,进一步解释了水泥在半刚性路面混凝土强度形成中的作用,并归结为4个方面。     

新型GFRP组合梁翼缘有效分布宽度分析

利用能量变分法推导出均布线荷载作用下新型GFRP组合梁翼缘有效分布宽度的理论公式,通过有限元数值模拟验证理论公式可靠性。并借鉴传统钢-混凝土组合梁分析方法,对新型GFRP组合梁翼缘有效分布宽度各种影响因素进行了参数分析。     

中空夹层钢管混凝土柱力学性能研究

基于给定的核心混凝土和钢材的三轴本构模型,设定构件内、外两层钢管使用相同的钢材,并考虑核心混凝土和钢管变形协调,应用连续介质力学理论,对中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱进行了弹塑性全过程理论分析,建立了中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱组合弹性模量理论计算公式和应力-应变关系全曲线的理论计算模型。该计算模型形式简单,参数少易确定,便于程序化实现,并与文献资料的试验结果进行了比较,结果表明,该模型能较好地反映试验规律以及组合构件材料物理性能的优点,为中空夹层钢管混凝土组合结构进一步研究奠定了基础。     

成桥静动载试验及分析

对某大桥进行了成桥静力和动力荷载试验及分析,通过现场静动力荷载试验,测得其各种力学指标和性能指标,并与理论计算的结果及相应规范的要求进行比较,从而对桥梁的整体性能和结构安全做出评价,以确保桥梁的主体结构处于完好的技术状态和良好的使用状态,保证桥梁投入使用后的安全运营。在对现场测试结果及理论分析结果进行综合分析、比较的基础上,对其进行总体评价,保证该桥长期稳定运营。进行的试验及分析对同类桥型具有借鉴意义。     

混凝土箱梁腹板竖向预应力分析

对混凝土箱梁腹板竖向预应力进行研究。以不出现主拉应力和最佳应力比为界限,确定合理竖向预应力值的范围,并给出竖向预应力设计步骤。分析了腹板开裂与否竖向预应力与纵向下弯预应力2种布束方式的优劣。竖向预应力筋合理布置间距建议值为30~50 cm。     

14MnNbq钢板厚度方向性能试验研究

介绍对天兴洲大桥钢梁用14MnNbq钢进行的板厚方向拉伸试验,以及统计分析,研究结果表明,当含硫量为0.01%时,预估断面收缩率ψZ≈43%,大于Z35级标准。因此,天兴洲大桥钢板订货时可不必另提补充条件,使用时,需对所用处的钢板进行ψZ试验并进行探伤,满足Z35级的要求。