Influence of unsteady aerodynamics on driving dynamics of passenger cars

Recent approaches towards numerical investigations with computational fluid dynamics methods on unsteady aerodynamic loads of passenger cars identified major differences compared with steady-state aerodynamic excitations. Furthermore, innovative vehicle concepts such as electric-vehicles or hybrid drives further challenge the basic layout of passenger cars. Therefore, the relevance of unsteady aerodynamic loads on cross-wind stability of changing basic vehicle architectures should be analysed. In order to assure and improve handling and ride characteristics at high velocity of the actual range of vehicle layouts, the influence of unsteady excitations on the vehicle response was investigated. For this purpose, a simulation of the vehicle dynamics through multi-body simulation was used. The impact of certain unsteady aerodynamic load characteristics on the vehicle response was quantified and key factors were identified. Through a series of driving simulator tests, the identified differences in the vehicle response were evaluated regarding their significance on the subjective driver perception of cross-wind stability. Relevant criteria for the subjective driver assessment of the vehicle response were identified. As a consequence, a design method for the basic layout of passenger cars and chassis towards unsteady aerodynamic excitations was defined.     

一种机械自锁式液压支腿在专用汽车上的应用

设计开发了一种机械自锁式液压支腿,介绍了该支腿的液压原理及结构特点,并通过计算校核了支腿的稳定性,为专用汽车的安全承载提供了新的选择。     

隧道二维衬砌结构受力特征的数值模拟分析

隧道开挖过程中,衬砌的设置对保证隧道的稳定性有至关重要的作用。在新奥法(NATM)隧道施工中,常将锚杆和喷射混凝土作为主要的支护手段,对隧道围岩进行支护,以便控制围岩的变形和松弛。因此,隧道衬砌的力学特性对隧道结构设计非常重要。在探讨围岩、衬砌共同作用的基础上,运用Midas-GTS建立了二维隧道衬砌模型,分析了其受力特性,对隧道结构设计具有一定的参考意义。     

沥青搅拌设备蜗壳除尘器流场仿真与试验

为研究导流板位置对蜗壳除尘器内流场和粉尘粒径的影响,以指导回收粉在沥青搅拌设备中的实际使用,在导流板3种不同位置工况下,对蜗壳除尘器内部气相和气固两相流动状态进行了数值模拟和试验验证。数值模拟基于FLUENT软件,其中气相流场模拟选用雷诺应力模型,气固两相流场模拟选择相间耦合的随机轨道模型模拟粉尘的运动轨迹,分别追踪了16 400个粒径在50~1 000 μm的粉尘,计算了除尘效率。在沥青搅拌设备工地分别采集了导流板3种位置工况下的回收粉,结合筛分和电镜扫描试验,分析粉尘粒径分布,并对数值模拟结果的吻合性进行验证。结果表明：导流板处于O位时,除尘器内部气流的径向速度、轴向速度和静压分布轴对称性较W位和M位好,可有效抑制非对称性扰流及夹带涡流,并削弱涡核摆动现象;导流板处于不同位置时,通过与粉尘颗粒的碰撞反弹来改变粉尘的运动轨迹,进而影响除尘器对不同粒径粉尘的除尘效率,且当导流板处于O位时更有利于对粒径大于100 μm的粉尘的回收。导流板处于O位时,试验测量的粉尘平均粒径为117.6 μm,筛底平均粒径为49.9 μm,均大于W位和M位的粒径,且与数值模拟的结论相吻合。沥青搅拌设备在实际生产过程中,应优先选择导流板O位布置,并根据回收粉粒径的需要进行实时调整。     

大断面隧道装配式约束混凝土施工体系研究与应用

为解决大断面隧道软弱围岩控制难题及人力施工效率低、安全性差的问题,结合约束混凝土支护研究成果,研发拱架智能安装系列设备、装配式约束混凝土拱架（FCC拱架）及相应的配套装置,形成大断面隧道装配式约束混凝土施工体系。开展FCC拱架机械施工过程力学模拟试验,对拱架机械施工过程中的变形及受力进行实时监测,明确拱架机械施工过程力学特性,提出增设肩部节点区抗弯护板的加强措施,进行装配式约束混凝土支护机械化施工现场试验,分别对隧道围岩收敛变形、围岩与初支接触压力、加强后的拱架内力分布特征与规律进行了研究。结果表明：在FCC拱架自重及机械施工双重影响下,拱架肩部节点区变形产生突变,发生明显的应力集中,为受力变形关键部位;加强后的FCC拱架现场举升安装过程中未见有明显的变形;现场试验段围岩偏压现象明显;上台阶围岩变形及受力呈现三阶段波动增长,以拱顶及拱肩部位波动最为强烈;拱架受力整体呈现"上大下小"的特点,最大应力值出现在拱顶外侧,其次左拱肩部位;机械化施工能够有效提高施工效率及装配化水平,保障施工安全可靠,有效控制大断面隧道围岩变形,可为类似工程建设提供借鉴。     

四转子机械作动器主动消振法

利用机械作动器进行主动消振是船舶振动控制领域的一项新技术．文章首先介绍了一种新型机械作动器-四转子机械作动器的工作原理;然后从主动消振理论出发,结合机械作动器的实际需要,提出了一种机械作动器最优相位和偏心距的解析计算方法-调相解析法．配合机械作动器的使用,可以使主动消振系统获得较好的消振效果．     

基于有限状态机的AMT车辆传动系统建模研究

描述了AMT车辆传动系统的物理特性的动态方程与描述系统运行状态的有限状态机相结合的模型,建立了可以表达AMT系统工作过程的传动系统模型。利用这一模型可以对AMT系统的各种性能在计算机上进行分析。与实车试验相比,可以缩短开发时间,减少开发成本。     

部分斜拉桥与连续梁桥的设计比较

文中通过介绍某高速公路中(70+2×120+70)m跨径的连续刚构桥方案与部分斜拉桥方案的设计情况,同时进行两种桥型结构受力原理的分析,然后总结其应用上的优、缺点.     

激光功率对激光-电弧复合焊接头成型的影响

采用激光-电弧复合焊(Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding,LAHW)技术对6.0 mm厚的AH36钢板进行复合焊接,分析不同激光功率对焊接接头成型的影响,并对最优参数的焊缝进行力学性能分析.焊接缺陷主要表现为:在激光功率偏小时,焊缝背部不完全熔透;在激光功率偏大时,焊缝正面出现咬边和凹陷;在激光功率为44...     

Modal split and urban public transport management in an Eastern European country

When public transport is the main means of travel in urban areas, management and planning are easy and the main objective can be to minimise costs for the demand available, i.e. maximise profit. However when public transport faces competition from other modes of transport, and activities can be undertaken in a variety of locations, then the management and planning of public transport services is considerably more difficult.This paper examines a methodology for representing consumer behaviour when faced with alternative travel decisions, in order to identify the demand for public transport and to help operators adjust services and prices to maximise demand, when considering people's disposable income, the alternative modes and activity locations available. From this it is possible to devise criteria for maximising consumer surplus in a city, taking into account social benefits.