Potential benefits of an adaptive forward collision warning system

Forward collision warning (FCW) systems can reduce rear-end vehicle collisions. However, if the presentation of warnings is perceived as mistimed, trust in the system is diminished and drivers become less likely to respond appropriately. In this driving simulator investigation, 45 drivers experienced two FCW systems: a non-adaptive and an adaptive FCW that adjusted the timing of its alarms according to each individual driver’s reaction time. Whilst all drivers benefited in terms of improved safety from both FCW systems, non-aggressive drivers (low sensation seeking, long followers) did not display a preference to the adaptive FCW over its non-adaptive equivalent. Furthermore, there was little evidence to suggest that the non-aggressive drivers’ performance differed with either system. Benefits of the adaptive system were demonstrated for aggressive drivers (high sensation seeking, short followers). Even though both systems reduced their likelihood of a crash to a similar extent, the aggressive drivers rated each FCW more poorly than their non-aggressive contemporaries. However, this group, with their greater risk of involvement in rear-end collisions, reported a preference for the adaptive system as they found it less irritating and stress-inducing. Achieving greater acceptance and hence likely use of a real system is fundamental to good quality FCW design.     

Performance evaluation and parameter sensitivity of energy-harvesting shock absorbers on different vehicles

Traditional shock absorbers provide favourable ride comfort and road handling by dissipating the suspension vibration energy into heat waste. In order to harvest this dissipated energy and improve the vehicle fuel efficiency, many energy-harvesting shock absorbers (EHSAs) have been proposed in recent years. Among them, two types of EHSAs have attracted much attention. One is a traditional EHSA which converts the oscillatory vibration into bidirectional rotation using rack-pinion, ball-screw or other mechanisms. The other EHSA is equipped with a mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) that transforms the bidirectional vibration into unidirectional rotation. Hereinafter, they are referred to as NonMMR-EHSA and MMR-EHSA, respectively. This paper compares their performances with the corresponding traditional shock absorber by using closed-form analysis and numerical simulations on various types of vehicles, including passenger cars, buses and trucks. Results suggest that MMR-EHSA provides better ride performances than NonMMR-EHSA, and that MMR-EHSA is able to improve both the ride comfort and road handling simultaneously over the traditional shock absorber when installed on light-damped, heavy-duty vehicles. Additionally, the optimal parameters of MMR-EHSA are obtained for ride comfort. The optimal solutions (‘Pareto-optimal solutions’) are also obtained by considering the trade-off between ride comfort and road handling.     

大功率柴油机活塞连杆组机械损失分析

某大功率柴油机的整机机械损失试验研究表明,活塞连杆组机械损失占比最大,后续着重开展该组件机械损失研究。考虑到整机试验难以考察活塞连杆组各摩擦副机械损失,因此借助仿真方法开展其机械损失分配研究,并通过各分项机械损失之和与修正试验数据对比验证模型有效性。在此基础上,进一步研究了活塞连杆组机械损失随最高燃烧压力和转速的变化规律,为该柴油机未来强化和机械效率提升提供依据。     

回转式起重机吊盘防摇装置张力模型分析

本文介绍了船用起重机吊盘式机械防摇装置的工作原理,对吊盘式防摇装置的吊盘收放绳建立数学模型,通过simulink仿真分析,得出吊盘收放绳竖直方向夹角与吊盘收放绳受力的关系曲线;根据仿真分析结果,结合回转式起重机缩比模型和船舶摇摆平台,对回转式起重机进行防摇实验,对不同夹角下起重机防摇效果进行验证。     

激光参数对高强度不锈钢搭接焊接结构和断裂行为的影响

通过焊接和拉伸试验及微观组织分析,研究了焊接参数对高强度301L-HT板搭接非熔透激光焊接接头结构、断裂行为和力学性能的影响.结果表明：激光焊缝的硬度为HV215,δ铁素体比电阻点焊少,热影响区硬度更接近于母材;焊缝几何结构对激光参数敏感,熔深变化的规律性更明显,特定部位的熔宽与焊接参数耦合有关;板材厚度相同的焊接接头变形刚度接近,焊缝的几何结构决定最后的变形和断裂行为,焊接内板的弯曲变形角度比外板大,两板的弯曲角度差随熔深增加而减小;焊接板弯曲角度和焊接强度随焊缝尺寸同步升高;焊缝硬度低于母材和热影响区导致拉伸变形集中在很窄的区域,焊接接头的断裂位移都小于2mm.     

钢板与砂泥岩混合填土接触面力学特性试验研究

基于直接剪切试验原理,研究了钢板与砂泥岩混合填土接触界面的剪切力学特性。试验中,钢板采用Q235钢材制作;砂泥岩混合土料采用弱风化砂岩和泥岩的破碎颗粒料按照5种不同的颗粒级配曲线以质量比8∶2配制。试验结果表明,钢板与砂泥岩混合填土接触界面的剪切应力-位移曲线可用双曲线拟合;抗剪强度可用摩尔-库伦强度准则来描述;抗剪参数粘聚力值随土体特性粒径d10,d30,d50,d60,d90的增大呈先减小后增大的抛物线型变化;摩擦角值随土体特性粒径d10,d30,d50,d60,d90的增大呈先增大后减小的抛物线型变化;粘聚力和摩擦角与土体不均匀系数和曲率系数的相关性不明显。     

广州地铁3号线机电设备监控系统设计施工配合

3号线机电设备监控系统(简称EMCS)作为一个地铁自动控制系统,在工程施工配合上具有一般EMCS接口繁多、分布零散的基本特点,同时具有区别于以往线路的新的特点。对EMCS的施工配合措施、问题处理流程、设计变更等进行了分析和总结,并提出相应的对策建议。针对多家设计单位承担设计的特点,施工配合采用设计澄清会议、工地例会、现场确认、现场处理等形式。在施工过程中对于监控对象的缺、错、漏,建议统一各专业被监控对象的编号和名称。制定监控对象概况表,下层设备变化及时向上层系统提供资料,以保证顺畅的信息沟通,为工程的建设和投运提供良好的支持。     

基于可编程逻辑控制器技术的机电设备监控系统在广州地铁3号线的应用

介绍了广州地铁3号线机电设备监控系统的网络结构及系统组成,分析了系统监控流程,对主要的可编程逻辑控制器的实现进行了讨论,对系统的监控对象及实现的监控功能进行了分析。首通段6个车站已于2005年12月底投入运行,运行结果表明机电设备监控系统运行稳定可靠,较好地实现了系统的设计功能。     

红层软岩土石混合料的长期蠕变性能模拟试验研究

选择了两种有代表性级配的红层软岩土石混合料,进行了长期蠕变性能模拟试验.持续6个月的模拟试验研究表明,红层软岩土石混合料的长期蠕变性能除了与岩块特性、成型密度、上覆荷载及干湿循环有关外,细料含量是影响其长期蠕变性能的主要因素.     

顶锻热变形对高强钢筋闪光焊接头HAZ组织及性能的影响

本文研究了顶锻热变形对高强钢筋闪光焊接头HAz组织及性能的影响。实验发现闪 光焊接头中有一个肉眼可见的过渡区。若HAZ中1250~1100℃区域越宽,顶锻热变 形越充分,过渡区亦越宽。该区晶粒大小极不均匀,脆断亦常在该区发生。