A finite element model for unbonded flexible pipe under combined axisymmetric and bending loads

Flexible pipes are key equipment for offshore oil and gas production systems, conveying fluids between the platform and subsea wells. The structural arrangement of unbonded flexible pipes is quite complex, encompassing several layers with polymeric, metallic and textile materials. Different topologies and a large amount of intricate nonlinear contact interactions between and within their components, especially because of the relative stick-slip mechanism during bending, makes numerical analysis challenging. This paper presents an alternative three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model that describes the response of flexible pipes subjected to combined axisymmetric and bending loads. To simulate the response of a flexible pipe under axial tension or compression combined with uniform curvature, an equivalent thermal loading is employed on the external sheath, which is modelled as an orthotropic thermal expansion material with temperature-independent mechanical properties. To assess the feasibility of the proposed model, the bending moment versus curvature of the finite element solution is compared with experimental results obtained in literature and good agreements are found between them. Detailed finite element results such as contact pressures, armour wire slip displacements and friction, normal and transverse bending stresses are also shown and compared with available analytical models.     

酸性溶液对花岗岩力学特性及微观结构的影响

为探究酸性溶液作用下花岗岩力学特性损伤机制，在pH值分别为7、5、3的化学溶液中对花岗岩试件进行72 d饱和处理，然后对饱和试件和自然干燥试件进行三轴压缩试验、核磁共振试验、电镜扫描试验（〖WT５”《TNR》〗scanning electron microscope, SEM〖WT５”ＢＺ〗）及X射线衍射试验，并对比分析不同化学溶液作用下花岗岩试件三轴抗压强度损伤、变形特征及力学参数的变化规律。试验结果表明： 1）花岗岩试件的三轴抗压强度、弹性模量及黏聚力随酸性溶液pH值降低而减小，泊松比随着pH值的降低而增大； 2）在酸性溶液的腐蚀作用下，试件内斜长石及方解石等矿物成分的消耗导致试件内部结构疏松程度增加，强酸作用下伴有微裂隙产生； 3）与自然干燥状态下的试件相比，在围压20 MPa的条件下经pH=3的酸性溶液酸化处理后的试件，其偏应力峰值强度降幅达39.94%； 4）花岗岩在酸性溶液作用下，部分矿物溶解、迁出，使得孔隙结构不断劣化产生大量次生孔隙，且酸性溶液pH值越低，中、大孔隙占比越高。     

表面改性剂对橡胶垫板动态性能的影响

通过掺加不同表面改性剂制作了5种配方试样,采用橡胶加工分析仪,材料疲劳试验机和冲击回弹试验仪,研究了有无表面改性剂以及不同种类表面改性剂对橡胶垫板动态性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:加入表面改性剂后,配方1(基准配方)到配方5(表面改性剂为LONSIL 4C)橡胶动静刚度比、损耗功和力学损耗角正切tanδ均依次减小;配方1到配方5储能模量依次减小,Payne效应越来越不明显;配方1到配方5橡胶材料回弹性依次增大;动静刚度比与损耗功、回弹性和tanδ均有很好的相关性.在试验室可以用测试回弹性或损耗功,或tanδ代替测试动静刚度比,以降低低动静刚度比橡胶垫板的研发成本.     

砂岩层理构造对力学特性影响分析

层理构造是影响岩石力学特性的重要因素,通过开展不同层理构造砂岩的三轴蠕变试验,分析层理构造对砂岩力学特性的影响。试验结果表明:砂岩具有蠕变特性,并且层理构造不同,蠕变特性具有明显的各向异性特性。分析表明,在三轴应力状态下砂岩表现出瞬时变形、衰减蠕变、稳定蠕变和加速蠕变特征;在低应力水平条件下,砂岩变形以瞬时变形为主,随着应力水平增加,蠕变变形不断增大,最终导致试样破坏;随着层理角度增大,砂岩试件的长期强度、峰值强度、弹性模量先减小后增大,稳定蠕变速率呈"M"形变化;应力与层理夹角不同导致砂岩的破裂模式不同,层理角度30°时,主要发生沿着层理面的剪切破坏,其他层理角度时,主要发生斜交层理面的剪切破坏。     

自调式离合器力感应碟形弹簧力学特性分析

自调式离合器依靠安装在自调机构中的力感应碟形弹簧,使膜片弹簧离合器的摩擦片产生磨损后能够自动补偿并保持分离力不变。在自调式离合器开发过程中,利用有限元方法对自调式离合器力感应碟形弹簧受力情况进行模拟,得到载荷—位移曲线,并将结果与A-L理论公式计算的结果以及试验结果进行比对分析。结果表明:相比于理论计算结果,有限元计算结果与试验数据误差较小,能比较准确地反映出碟形弹簧的力学特性。     

The influence of built environment to the trends in commuting journeys in the Netherlands

In this paper we describe commuting trends in the Netherlands in the past decade and examine the influence of urban form and travel accessibility on commuting journeys over time on the basis of data from the Dutch National Travel Survey. Exploratory analysis is performed to identify changes in commuting participation, departure time, commuting time, commuting distance and the modal split. Regression analysis and choice models are used to examine the influence of the built environment on commuting parameters over time. The results indicate that urban form has consistently influenced the parameters of commuting journey in the Netherlands in the last 10 years. However, the trend of the influence is unique for each commuting model. Some influences have become less significant in the last decade and some have become stronger.

Measurement and mathematical model of a driver's intermittent compensatory steering control

The compensatory (feedback) component of a human driver's steering control is examined. In particular, the effect of the cognitive process is studied. Model predictive control theory is used to implement models of intermittency in cognitive processing. Experiments using a fixed-base driving simulator with periodic occlusion of the visual display are used to reveal the nature of the driver's steering behaviour. An intermittent serial-ballistic control strategy is found to match the measured behaviour better than intermittent zero-order hold or continuous control. The findings may enable some insight to driver-vehicle interaction and vehicle handling qualities.     

正交异性夹层桥面板力学性能研究

采用模型试验及空间有限元计算分析方法研究聚氨酯-钢板夹层结构正交异性三跨连续桥面板的力学特性,并对比了不同桥面板车轮作用点处,截面受局部应力影响的纵横向应力分布。结果表明：与普通正交异性钢桥面板相比,夹层桥面板能大幅降低局部应力集中,应力峰值约为普通正交异性钢桥面板的1/3～1/2,并可大幅减少焊缝疲劳裂纹的出现;由于夹层板自身刚度大幅提高,能大幅减少纵向加劲肋数量并减少50%以上的焊缝,从而节省钢材,减轻自重;聚氨酯-钢板夹层结构正交异性桥面板的应变试验测试值与有限元计算值基本吻合。     

离岸浅堤中土工织物充填管状袋的力学机理分析

与传统的离岸堤相比,土工织物充填管状袋作为堤心构成的新型离岸潜堤形式不仅具有减小波浪力的作用,还具有经济和美观的功能.然而,在现有的研究中还没有对这一复杂新型式的防波堤中的土工织物充填管状袋的力学机理分析的考虑.本文在土工织物充填管状袋的力学性能研究的基础上,对离岸浅堤的稳定性和透射性能进行了研究.土工织物充填管状袋的横截面形状和周向拉力采用椭圆积分方法得到.计算实例结果表明:土工织物充填管状袋作为堤心是可靠的,同时,文中提出的研究方法可在复杂新型离岸浅堤的设计过程中发挥积极作用.     

吊舱推进器关键部件研究

在阅读大量国内外吊舱推进器的文献和报道的基础上,通过分析、归纳和总结,对吊舱推进器的关键结构展开了研究,对吊舱推进器的优缺点进行了分析。这篇文章的研究内容对国内的吊舱推进器研发、设计、维护、修理具有一定启发和指导作用。