食管测压对糖尿病植物神经病变的诊断价值

对 57例糖尿病患者进行食管运动功能测定 ,同时进行心血管植物神经功能检查 ,并与 52例健康人对照。结果表明 ,糖尿病组的食管测压异常主要表现为食管体部运动功能失调 ,其发生率显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,这些异常与患者的空腹血糖、病程、年龄、性别等无关 ;糖尿病患者的食管测压结果与心血管植物神经功能测定结果有相关性 (χ2 =14.4 7,P <0 .0 1)。结果提示食管测压对糖尿病植物神经病变的较早诊断有重要的临床价值。     

The study of correlative factors to resistin and its regression equation in type 2 diabetes

Objective To study the changes of resistin and the relationship between resistin and other indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Seventy patients with type 2 diabetics were chosen and divided into three groups according to weight index and 15 healthy persons were chosen as controls. ELISA was adopted to determine resistin concentration. Oxydase method was adopted to measure blood sugar. Radio immunoassay was used to measure insulin level. Results Resistin concentration of patient groups r(23.06±9.34)μg/L ] was significantly higher than that of control group [( 9. 89±4. 47) μg/L, P<0. 01 ]. Resistin was positively related to body mass index (r = 0.4 467) and fat distribution (r= 0. 3 314, P<0.01). Resistin was also positively correlated to the area under the curve of sugar tolerance (r=0. 7 063, P<0. 01), negatively related to the insulin resistance index (r=-0. 4 154, P<0.01), but not related to area under the curve of synchronous insulin release (P>0. 05). And a formula was obtainted : Resistin=- 15. 869 0. 339×GAUC 0.790×BMI. Conclusion The level of reslstin in type 2 diabetics is higher. And reslstin is related to other factors. This formula is of great significance for clinical study of diabetic's disor- ders.     

2型糖尿病患者血清一氧化氮水平与其慢性并发症及病程的关系

采用硝酸还原酶法测定了５０例２型糖尿病患者血清中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的水平,并探讨其与糖尿病慢性并发症及病程的关系。结果显示：无并发症的糖尿病患者血清ＮＯ水平明显高于正常对照组和有并发症的糖尿病患者;同时还发现ＮＯ水平随病程的延长而逐渐降低。提示ＮＯ是２型糖尿病馒性并发症发生发展的一个重要因素。     

唐可肽对糖尿病大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的探讨唐可肽对糖尿病大鼠脂代谢及脂质过氧化作用的影响。方法用高糖高脂饲料及小剂量链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠模型,并将成模大鼠分为唐可肽高、中、低剂量组和模型组,同时采用正常的SD大鼠为对照组。唐可肽干预8周后检测各组大鼠的血脂、抗氧化酶和过氧化产物水平,观察肝脏组织的形态学变化。结果与模型组相比唐可肽各剂量组能明显减低糖尿病大鼠血清甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、游离脂肪酸(free fatty acids,FFA)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量(P<0.05);中、高剂量组能明显降低糖尿病大鼠血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)的含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide diamutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)的活力(P<0.05);高剂量组能升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)而降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)的水平(P<0.05)。唐可肽高、中、低剂量组对糖尿病大鼠肝脏组织的脂肪变性有不同程度的缓解作用。结论唐可肽可调节糖尿病大鼠脂代谢紊乱,提高其抗氧化能力,改善其肝脏组织的脂肪变性。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽的研究

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病 ( 2 DM )患者合并视网膜病变 (DR)和肾病 (DN)时与内皮素 (ET)和降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)的关系。方法　应用放射免疫法测定了 68例 2 DM患者和 2 8例正常对照者血浆ET和CGRP水平 ,并分析其相互关系。结果　 2 DM患者血浆ET水平较对照组明显升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,血浆CGRP水平较对照组明显降低 (P <0 .0 1 )。合并DR与合并DN组血浆ET水平均明显高于对照组及无并发症组 ,而血浆CGRP水平明显低于无并发症组及对照组。血浆ET与CGRP含量呈明显的负相关。结论　血浆ET及CGRP水平的变化可能同糖尿病的慢性微血管并发症的发生发展相关     

Increased expression of the 20S proteasome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To investigate the dynamic expression of the 20S proteasome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of type 2 diabetic patients without vascular complications. Methods PBMCs were prepared from 30 type 2 diabetic patients and 30 nondiabetic controls. The general indexes including weight, height and blood pressure were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured. The protein level of the 20S proteasome was measured by Western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of the 20S proteasome β1, β2 and β5 subunits were detected by real-time PCR. Results Compared with that in the nondiabetic controls, the protein level of the 20S proteasome was significantly increased in the diabetic patients and was positively associated with glycosylated hemoglobin. Conclusion Type 2 diabetic patients without vascular complications have an increased 20S proteasome expression, the significance of which needs to be explored by further study.     

PPARγ2基因Pro12Ala多态性与2型糖尿病一级亲属的相关性

目的探讨PPARγ2基因Pro12Ala多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)一级亲属的相关性。方法将研究对象按WHO的诊断与分型标准分为:①T2DM组,79人,为T2DM患者且其家族中有血缘关系的T2DM患者≥2人;②正常糖耐量一级亲属(NFDR)组,84人,为T2DM的一级亲属中糖耐量正常者;③无家族史的正常糖耐量(NC)组,104人,为与T2DM无血缘关系,且经口服糖耐量试验排除T2DM和糖耐量异常者。每组按体重指数(BMI)再分为2个小组,即BMI≥25kg/m2小组和BMI<25kg/m2小组。应用聚合酶链反应—限制性内切酶片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测PPARγ2基因Pro12Ala多态性,比较各组基因型频率及等位基因频率。结果T2DM组、NFDR组、NC组基因型频率、等位基因频率之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。T2DM组、NFDR组中BMI≥25kg/m2小组和BMI<25kg/m2小组基因型频率、等位基因频率之间亦无显著性差异(P>0.05);NC组中BMI≥25kg/m2小组和BMI<25kg/m2小组基因型频率无显著性差异(P>0.05),而等位基因频率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论PPARγ2基因Pro12Ala多态性与T2DM一级亲属无明显关联而与汉族无T2DM家族史的正常人群肥胖有关。     

胰岛干细胞的研究现状与展望

详细介绍了胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞向胰岛干细胞转化的诱导分化方法及可能途径,用于胰岛干细胞鉴定的基因分子标志及胰岛干细胞促分化因子。并简要介绍了胰岛干细胞治疗糖尿病的研究现状及存在的问题。     

抵抗素、血脂及有关生化指标在2型糖尿病患者中的变化

目的探讨抵抗素、血脂及肝功能指标在2型糖尿病患者内环境紊乱中的变化情况。方法70例2型糖尿病患者(2DM组)和15例正常人(对照组)分别采取清晨空腹静脉血,应用酶联免疫吸附试验测定抵抗素,放射免疫分析法测定胰岛素,全自动生化分析仪检测血糖、血脂及肝功能指标。结果①2DM组的空腹血糖平均为(8.85±3.21)mmol/L,空腹胰岛素平均为(11.12±4.54)mU/L,抵抗素平均含量为(23.06±9.34)μg/L,均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。②2DM组的胆固醇、三酰甘油及尿微量白蛋白分别为(5.51±1.37)mmol/L、(2.48±1.60)mmol/L和(28.49±41.18)mg/24h,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。而谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和脂蛋白a在两组之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论糖尿病患者存在内环境的紊乱,其体内含有较高浓度的抵抗素,并存在血脂代谢异常和尿微量白蛋白的增高。     

胰岛素样生长因子-1与糖尿病下肢血管病变的关系

目的分析血清胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）水平在2型糖尿病下肢血管病变中的变化规律，探讨IGF-1在糖尿病大血管病变发病机制中的作用，为糖尿病大血管病变的防治提供依据。方珐选择74例2型糖尿病患者和15例健康人，常规测身高、体重、血压、血糖、空腹胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、尿白蛋白排泄率；用ELISA法测血清IGF-1水平；用多普勒超声进行双下肢动脉病变检查。结果①糖尿病患者血清IGF-1水平明显高于对照组；②糖尿病合并下肢动脉血管病变时血清IGF-1水平明显高于无下肢动脉血管病变组，且血清IGF-1水平与下肢动脉血管病变的严重程度呈正相关；③糖尿病下肢动脉血管病变的严重程度与尿白蛋白排泄率、病程、血总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平呈正相关。结论血清IGF-1水平可以反映糖尿病下肢血管病变的严重程度，对糖尿病大血管病变的诊断有参考价值，并有可能作为糖尿病大血管病变治疗的新靶点。