2000年悉尼奥运会的战略交通规划、交通基础设施的需求分析和交通服务

本文给出了一个简要的交通战略规划、总体规划和操作规划的描述。战略规划必须发生在政策容许范围内。就城市交通而言，交通的可持速发展非常重要，本文给出了来自悉尼的一些例子。通过2000年悉尼奥林匹克运动会的案例研究解释了交通的需求分析。本文还为北京奥林匹克运动会的交通战略规划进程提出了建议。     

双断级滑行艇阻力性能优化方法

阻力性能是双断级滑行艇水动力性能最为重要的内容之一,本文提出一种基于CFD模拟的优化方法,结合艇底斜升角、断级高度、断级总长等因素对某双断级滑行艇进行了静水阻力优化及试验验证。结果表明:CFD计算值与模型试验结果吻合度较高,各因素对艇体阻力均有较为明显的影响,断级高度和断级总长的增大一定程度地增强了双断级滑行艇的滑行效率。优化研究实现了双断级滑行艇阻力系数R/▽低于0.25的技术指标,验证了基于CFD的优化方法的可靠性。     

Things planners believe in,and things they deny

The paper examines the economic theory of consumer behavior from the Modern Psychoanalytic point of view with a metaphor of (transport) planning as a backdrop. It is claimed that the utility maximization principle of economic theory, no matter how broadly interpreted, does not envelop the motivation of human behavior and that the economic explanation of the aims of human behavior, which disregards the "dark side" of man, will result in narrowly conceived plans and policies.The application of economic theory, and other social sciences, to public policy has led to disjointedness of data collection, method of analysis, and planning and implementation. This, combined with a tautological behavioral theory, has made the current planning and public policy procedures self-verifying, and issues an invitation for a new theoretical approach which is comprehensive, does not ignore complexity and the large "error term", and appreciates the unity of data collection, method of investigation, and process of implementation.It is argued that unsatisfactory performance of the transport system, large errors inherent in data and models, the inability of extant transportation planning and policy to address key issues successfully, the environmental problem, and the value of the individual all call for new kinds of skills from the planners and policy makers.Freud's dualistic formulation of instinctual drives -- the life and death instincts -- is used as the new framework of explanation. This theory is seen to offer a convincing, more realistic and deeper understanding of the forces motivating human behavior, and one which is more in accordance with observable facts. If applied, the theory will lead to significantly different planning processes and to a profoundly different approach to public policy.     

建设城市地下综合管廊,转变城市发展方式

阐述建设地下综合管廊对推进新型城镇化、补齐城市基础设施短板,实现城市发展方式转变的重大意义;介绍世界发达国家、地区以及我国大陆建设地下综合管廊的情况;简述国务院推进地下综合管廊建设的重要决策部署。针对当前我国地下综合管廊的建设情况,提出以下建议。1)加强顶层设计,积极有序推进。2)完善相关配套政策,包括明确入廊要求、实行有偿使用、加大政府投入、完善融资支持等。3)具体措施:(1)借鉴国外先进经验,完善法规体系;(2)系统科学地编制好城市综合管廊规划;(3)建立统一管理、分工协作、衔接有序的综合管廊管理体制;(4)地下综合管廊兼顾人防应到位而不越位;(5)推广PPP模式,创新投融资机制。     

我国城市地下综合管廊工程建设中的若干问题

为进一步加强城市地下综合管廊工程管理,确保综合管廊有序、科学建设。针对近年来综合管廊工程建设中存在的问题,在解读国家相关政策要求的基础上,分析综合管廊系统规划、入廊管线、施工方法、安全保障、投资与收费等方面的问题,并提出相应的建议:1)要加强顶层设计、规划引领,精心编制规划,敬畏规划的严肃性,真正发挥规划的引领、指导、约束作用;2)发挥综合管廊工程建设的集约化作用,创造条件尽可能让多的管线在综合管廊内部敷设;3)创新施工方法,确保施工质量;4)建管并举,确保安全;5)认清综合管廊的社会公益地位,尊重管线单位的意见和诉求。     

Characterization and evolution of spatial density patterns in urban areas

This paper examines the spatial patterns of population density, household automobile ownership and other socio-demographic variables that affect urban travel, as a function of distance from the central city core. Spatial density functions provide a useful characterization of urban structure, and of its evolution when taken at different time intervals. Analysis of the data from four case cities (Austin, Atlanta, Dallas, Phoenix) for 1960, 1970 and 1980 reveals continuing overall dispersion away from the traditional central core, accompanied by the densification of formerly low-density suburbs. This presents implications for high congestion levels in the densifying suburban communities, comparable to those typically associated with the CBD. In addition, the analysis has captured the continuing growth of average household automobile ownership and revealed a distinct spatial pattern that seems to be robust across the case areas considered, as well as within radial corridors in the one case that was so analyzed (Austin).List of symbols Y gross population density in census tractt - X _t distance in miles from the center of tract to the CBD - parameter representing the central business district density - y density gradient parameter - X₀, X₁, X2, and X3 locations of the knots in a three segment division of the x-axis - D_i dummy variable defined for thei-th segment - ₁ normally distributed disturbance term,a _i,b _i,c _i,d _i,i = 1, 2, 3 — parameters to be estimated - A _t area of census tractt     

面向规划落实的轨道交通站点衔接双层规划体系研究

在轨道交通站点衔接相关研究成果的基础上,提出应以控制性详细规划、修建性详细规划为落实抓手来构建轨道交通站点衔接双层规划体系。首先明确规划的总体目标和7项规划原则,着重梳理规划中应纳入的设计、建设、运营和管理等规划落实各环节的关键内容,由此建立轨道交通站点衔接双层规划体系,之后初步构建轨道站点衔接双层规划方案综合评价指标体系,在运用SPSS软件进行数据信度和效度分析的基础上,采用德尔菲法和模糊理论筛选关键评价指标,最终确定轨道交通站点衔接双层规划综合评价指标体系。     

基于上海轨道交通刷卡数据的乘客出行模式研究

乘客出行模式研究是深入认识城市交通的基础性工作,也是交通规划的重要技术支撑。基于上海轨道交通刷卡数据分析网络客流特征,以轨道交通出行全过程出行链视角对进出站客流量、站间客流量、乘距等出行要素的空间模式开展研究,发现上海轨道交通进站和出站客流量分布均呈现对数正态分布特征,乘客乘距服从负二项分布特征。研究同时发现,相比于幂律分布,上海站间客流量分布更加适合采用对数正态分布拟合。此外,工作日客流和周末客流在空间分布总体形态上较为接近,工作日客流分布更为集聚,周末客流分布则更为离散。     

我国城市轨道交通发展政策研究

深入分析我国城市轨道交通6年来快速发展中存在的问题,包括规划、体制、建设速度等方面;为实现又好又快的发展目标,提出指导今后城市轨道交通发展的政策和措施建议。     

从协调性看轨道交通建设规划编制要点

以新的视角诠释建设规划编制中需要关注的要点问题,提出协调性是建设规划关键点,编制过程中需要体现工作流程、规则、关注、协调的关系,构建了以协调性为核心的五要素（其他还有政策性、经济性、工程性、控制）组织关系图。结合昆明、成都的编制实例,重点从规划协调、机制协调、供需协调、自身体系协调等多方面,说明协调性是编制的核心目的;提出要关注规划体系的一致性、规划的程序性和公众性、交通供需协调与投资能力的匹配性、工程方案的合理性、系统规模和选择的可靠性、投融资方案的合理及可操作性等问题;同时从国家和地方两个层面分析建设规划所具有的公共政策性特点,讨论需要特别关注的经济及风险控制等问题。