城市快速路规划建设中应重视的几个问题——以无锡市为例

城市快速路是缓解城市拥堵的主要手段.通过介绍无锡市的城市特点,回顾了无锡市快速路网的演变过程.结合无锡市快速路网建设经验,总结了快速路规划建设中应重视的问题.从建设必要性、城市规划、客货分离和线位选择4个方面对快速路规划进行了探讨.实施层面上,强调了快速路建设时序和设置形式的重要性,并遵循"慢进快出"的理念.     

湖北省高速公路改扩建建设需求及建设时序浅析

随着经济的快速发展及高速公路的快速建设,湖北省高速公路建设将由规模扩张向增效扩容转变,高速公路改扩建也将成为湖北省今后一段时间内的建设重点,而研判一段时间内高速公路改扩建项目的建设需求及建设时序势必也将成为相关规划编制的重要内容及关键性问题之一.论述高速公路改扩建建设需求及建设时序的判定方法和思路,分析湖北省高速公路改扩建建设需求的主要来源和建设时序判定需遵循的基本原则,以供编制相关规划参考.     

装载机避障轨迹规划及模型预测轨迹跟踪

轮式装载机在工作区域行驶时，避障过程频繁，以往的避障轨迹规划未考虑整车转向半径约束和车速变化，也较少考虑整车在动力学模型条件下的轨迹跟踪性能。针对上述情况，以自动驾驶轮式装载机为对象，基于最优快速随机扩展树算法（RRT^*），考虑车身膨胀圆个数，生成全局最优避障路径，以整车最小稳定转向半径为约束，利用CC-Steer算法对避障路径进行平滑处理，采用路径-速度分解算法规划满足整车在加速、匀速和减速状态下的避障行驶轨迹。基于整车动力学模型，考虑行驶过程中的横向位置偏差和航向角偏差，并将整车动力传动系统视为1阶惯性环节，构建装载机动力学状态空间方程。以加速度和铰接角为控制输入，以车速、横向位置偏差和航向角偏差为控制输出，建立整车动力学预测模型，以加速度、铰接角和车速为约束条件，将目标函数转换为二次规划问题，建立满足装载机在工作区域避障的模型预测轨迹跟踪控制系统。以规划的非匀速行驶避障轨迹为目标，利用构建的模型预测轨迹跟踪系统，进行自动驾驶轮式装载机的轨迹跟踪仿真。研究结果表明：所提方法能够很好地控制自动驾驶轮式装载机从初始位姿驶向目标位姿，实现整车在工作区域的避障过程，且在避障过程中满足整车的约束要求，保证整车在轨迹跟踪过程中的安全稳定性能。     

A dynamic automated lane change maneuver based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication

Automated driving is gaining increasing amounts of attention from both industry and academic communities because it is regarded as the most promising technology for improving road safety in the future. The ability to make an automated lane change is one of the most important parts of automated driving. However, there has been little research into automated lane change maneuvers, and current research has not identified a way to avoid potential collisions during lane changes, which result from the state variations of the other vehicles. One important reason is that the lane change vehicle cannot acquire accurate information regarding the other vehicles, especially the vehicles in the adjacent lane. However, vehicle-to-vehicle communication has the advantage of providing more information, and this information is more accurate than that obtained from other sensors, such as radars and lasers. Therefore, we propose a dynamic automated lane change maneuver based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication to accomplish an automated lane change and eliminate potential collisions during the lane change process. The key technologies for this maneuver are trajectory planning and trajectory tracking. Trajectory planning calculates a reference trajectory satisfying the demands of safety, comfort and traffic efficiency and updates it to avoid potential collisions until the lane change is complete. The trajectory planning method converts the planning problem into a constrained optimization problem using the lane change time and distance. This method is capable of planning a reference trajectory for a normal lane change, an emergency lane change and a change back to the original lane. A trajectory-tracking controller based on sliding mode control calculates the control inputs to make the host vehicle travel along the reference trajectory. Finally, simulations and experiments using a driving simulator are conducted. They demonstrate that the proposed dynamic automated lane change maneuver can avoid potential collisions during the lane change process effectively.     

Incorporating Knightian uncertainty into real options analysis: Using multiple-priors in the case of rail transit investment

This paper revisits the real option investment problem from a ‘Knightian’ perspective of uncertainty. We examine the decision to invest in rail transit infrastructure (i.e., transport improvement) by treating population scale and the attitudes of decision-makers or social planners as sources of risk and ambiguity. An α-maxmin multiple-priors expected utility framework is developed to solve for the option value of rail transit investment under Knightian uncertainty. We find that the threshold for investment varies with the ambiguity attitudes (i.e., pessimism or optimism) of decision-makers regarding future population dynamics, and show that option value can in fact either increase or decrease with uncertainty subject to κ-ignorance and ambiguity. We also underline the effect of transport improvement on traffic congestion under various states of nature, and determine the specific population scale ranges for which investment is warranted under (1) risk and (2) Knightian uncertainty. These dynamics are illustrated in a numerical application adapted from a Chinese rail transit initiative specific to the Xiamen region.     

Governance Responses to Rapid Growth in Environmentally Sensitive Areas of Coastal Australia

The twin forces of rising affluence and population are altering coastal communities around the world. High amenity, environmentally sensitive areas—particularly attractive, non-metropolitan coastal environments—are witnessing a tidal wave of in migration from former urbanites. As a result, these communities are struggling to accommodate growing numbers of people with urban tastes and rural dreams in areas with governance structures and physical infrastructure designed for occasional tourists. This article looks at how governance frameworks in coastal Australia respond to the profound environmental, social, and cultural implications of this process. We offer a typology of non-metropolitan coastal growth settings—from exurban contexts to isolated coastal hamlets—and identify the main environmental, social, economic, and governance issues they face. We then outline the policy and legislative framework governing coastal areas in Australia and show how this framework is interpreted at the local level through an analysis of five local plans covering different coastal settings.     

济南轨道交通规划中的独特性分析

济南轨道交通规划围绕泉水保护和带形城市两大特点,形成自身鲜明的独特性,主要体现在工程地质研究、快线网、建设时序以及交通一体化等几个方面。济南轨道交通规划以泉水保护研究为先行研究,开创线网规划阶段工程地质研究前置的独特性,划定"保泉敏感区",保证规划方案的可实施性和稳定性;适应带形城市空间形态特点,采用快线穿城的形式,形成双网双模式的线网方案,选择既有胶济铁路走廊作为穿城快线走廊,保证快线在城市中心区能快得起来;济南轨道交通规划的独特性还体现在先易后难、先快后慢、先外后内的建设时序和核心区交通一体化方面。     

复杂地形条件下高铁枢纽片区路网及场地竖向规划设计研究

结合荆门高铁西站片区路网及场地竖向规划实例,分析复杂地形条件下高铁枢纽片区场地竖向规划设计的特点,提出竖向规划设计互反馈流程,从路网及场地竖向规划设计两个方面梳理了竖向控制因素要点、竖向分区、土方填挖要求及土方计算与调配方法.最后总结认为:复杂地形条件下,道路及场地竖向规划应综合考虑铁路、市政道路、地面排水防洪、用地性质、土石方平衡、城市景观和工程建设等方面的要求;道路及场地竖向规划设计应互为交叉反馈,满足土方总体平衡,工程建设经济合理,实现总体竖向规划设计方案的合理可行.     

关于景区规划的总体内容研究与分析

简要介绍景区规划中,关于总体规划内容的研究和分析,主要包括总体布局、功能布局、人口规模控制、道路交通规划、用地布局、公共服务设施规划、商业金融服务设施规划、市政基础设施规划、管线综合工程规划、环卫工程等内容。以响水县云梯关景区为例,对其中比较重要的总体布局、功能布局、用地布局、道路交通规划等内容进行深入研究,可为其他景区的规划编制工作提供参考。