汽车落水自动浮起和扶正系统的控制系统

主要论述了汽车落水自动浮起和扶正系统的设计原理、硬件和软件构成以及控制过程。该系统具有很高的实际控制价值,也为汽车落水自动浮起和扶正系统走向实际应用提供了一个良好的平台。     

基于仿生的非光滑表面防污减阻技术发展现状分析

基于船舶防污减阻的必要性,从仿生角度出发,介绍了仿生表面防污减阻这种新型环境友好型防污方法。重点分析了鲨鱼、海豚、贝壳和甲鱼壳等仿生原型的表面微结构,探索了这些生物表面微结构的防污减阻机理。基于生物表面微结构的防污减阻效应,阐述了现有的水生生物非光滑表面防污减阻技术,最后对仿生表面防污减阻方法进行了展望。     

犁削技术与微结构加工

介绍犁削加工方法及刀具设备的研究进展情况,包括挤压-犁切、滚压-犁切、劈切-挤压。它们在微结构加工方面有独特优势。     

大掺量激活钢渣微粉-水泥稳定碎石性能及微观特性

为研究大掺量钢渣微粉-水泥稳定碎石的性能，采用自制复合激发剂激活钢渣微粉（ASSP），开展了不同胶凝材料剂量（质量分数4%、5%和6%）大掺量（质量分数100%、90%、70%、50%）ASSP-水泥稳定碎石的7 d无侧限抗压强度（UCS）与5%胶凝材料剂量不同龄期（7，28，90 d）的UCS和劈裂强度（SS）试验；在此基础上，进行了5%胶凝材料剂量100%和70%ASSP-水泥混合料的抗压与劈裂回弹模量、抗冻性、干缩与温缩以及SEM、XRD微观试验，并与对照组P·S·A32.5水泥稳定碎石混合料性能进行了对比分析。结果表明：随着胶凝材料剂量增加，ASSP-水泥混合料的UCS和SS均越大，且同剂量下，70%和50%ASSP-水泥混合料强度与对照组的相当；通过调整胶凝材料剂量，大掺量ASSP混合料7 d的UCS完全能满足不同公路等级基层、底基层的要求；各ASSP-水泥混合料不同龄期UCS和SS、抗压与劈裂回弹模量的变化规律与对照组一致，均随剂量和龄期的增加而增大，抗冻性均满足要求；随ASSP掺量的增大，混合料干缩系数越小，温缩系数越大，掺入适量ASSP能减少混合料的干缩开裂；不同ASSP掺量混合料的主要水化产物为C-S-H、AFt和CH等，ASSP混合料的早期水化慢，水化产物数量少；28 d后70%ASSP混合料的水化产物C-S-H、AFt特征峰值与对照组相当，SEM结果与此一致；7 d后100%ASSP混合料胶凝浆体形貌和界面过渡区中浆体与骨料间连接不紧密，ASSP-水泥的浆体形貌较好，混合料结构密实，孔隙和裂缝的数量明显减少，较好地解释了混合料的宏观力学性能。可见，将大掺量ASSP-水泥稳定碎石用作路面基层完全是可行的，该研究为此类材料的推广应用提供了参考。     

基于MEMS的GPS/SINS组合导航技术发展现状

对比了GPS、捷联式惯导系统、微电子机械系统(MEMS)惯性传感器各自的优缺点.针对目前以惯性技术为基础的组合导航系统得到了重视和发展,介绍了基于MEMS的GPS/捷联式惯导组合过程中存在的各种技术问题和解决这些技术难题的技术途径.     

Unconventional USC intersection corridors: evaluation of potential implementation in Doha,Qatar

Unconventional intersection designs have been recently proposed as a new approach to deal with heavy left turns at signalized intersections. One of these unconventional schemes, the Upstream Signalized Crossover (USC) intersection, was shown to significantly reduce average vehicle delays; particularly when the volumes entering the intersection are relatively high. The Ministry of Public Works of Qatar is considering the implementation of the USC intersection on three signalized intersections along a major urban corridor in Doha. This paper investigates the potential improvements associated with the USC implementation. VISSIM was used to analyze the proposed USC intersections and the existing conventional intersections. Analyses were carried out for AM , Midday, and PM peak hours. The results showed that most of the travel time measurement sections experienced lower delays in the USC configuration for the three peak periods. As well, the total system delay, in hours, for the USC configuration was less than that of the conventional configuration by 19.4, 14.8, and 13.6% for the AM , Midday, and PM peaks, respectively. The average control delay for each single USC intersection was lower than its conventional counterpart by between 7.6 and 22.9%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微型钢管桩桩基托换在广州地铁工程中的应用

根据工程所处周边环境、工程地质情况,通过桩基托换多方案比选,选择采用微型钢管桩群桩方案,对广州内环路高架A匝道A4桩桩基进行被动托换,并对凿桩和盾构通过后的桩基沉降进行了理论计算,计算数值和施工监测桩基沉降数据是接近的,说明桩基沉降计算方法是正确的,选择微型钢管桩托换方案是可行的、合理的。     

汽车运动状态在线测量及预报技术

为了有效地对汽车自身可能的运动状态进行预报,并对潜在的行车危险进行预警,开展了汽车运动状态在线测量及预报技术研究。设计了微惯性测量单元,实现汽车运动状态参数在线测量,介绍了汽车姿态解算及其速度积分算法;设计了Kalman滤波器,通过信号融合处理获取汽车运动状态参数的最优估计值;阐述了自回归建模预报方法,并开发了汽车运动状态在线测量及预报软件;最后搭建了车载试验平台并进行了实车道路试验。结果表明:汽车运动状态在线测量及预报技术具有很好的预报效果,为未来开发性能更可靠、效果更佳的汽车主动安全预警系统提供了一定的理论依据和技术途径。     

我国公路养护技术发展现状与对策

随着公路负荷的不断增加,各种人为因素和自然因素对公路造成的损害也日益加重。运用先进的公路养护技术,加强公路养护是一项重大的研究课题。鉴于此,在分析我国公路养护技术发展现状的基础上,探讨了稀浆封层、雾封层、微表处等一些具体的养护方法,可为相关公路养护提供参考。     

Microscopic modeling of large‐scale pedestrian–vehicle conflicts in the city of Madinah,Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a micro‐simulation modeling framework for evaluating pedestrian–vehicle conflicts in crowded crossing areas. The framework adopts a simulation approach that models vehicles and pedestrians at the microscopic level while satisfying two sets of constraints: (1) flow constraints and (2) non‐collision constraints. Pedestrians move across two‐directional cells as opposed to one‐dimensional lanes as in the case of vehicles; therefore, extra caution is considered when modeling the shared space between vehicles and pedestrians. The framework is used to assess large‐scale pedestrian–vehicle conflicts in a highly congested ring road in the City of Madinah that carries 20 000 vehicles/hour and crossed by 140 000 pedestrians/hour after a major congregational prayer. The quantitative and visual results of the simulation exhibits serious conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles, resulting in considerable delays for pedestrians crossing the road (9 minutes average delay) and slow traffic conditions (average speed <10 km/hour). The model is then used to evaluate the following three mitigating strategies: (1) pedestrian‐only phase; (2) grade separation; and (3) pedestrian mall. A matrix of operational measures of effectiveness for network‐wide performance (e.g., average travel time, average speed) and for pedestrian‐specific performance (e.g., mean speed, mean density, mean delay, mean moving time) is used to assess the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.