The impacts of connected vehicle technology on network-wide traffic operation and fuel consumption under various incident scenarios

ABSTRACT

Incidents are a major source of traffic congestion and can lead to long and unpredictable delays, deteriorating traffic operations and adverse environmental impacts. The emergence of connected vehicles and communication technologies has enabled travelers to use real-time traffic information. The ability to exchange traffic information among vehicles has tremendous potential impacts on network performance especially in the case of non-recurrent congestion. To this end, this paper utilizes a microscopic simulation model of traffic in El Paso, Texas to investigate the impacts of incidents on traffic operation and fuel consumption at different market penetration rates (MPR) of connected vehicles. Several scenarios are implemented and tested to determine the impacts of incidents on network performance in an urban area. The scenarios are defined by changing the duration of incidents and the number of lanes closed. This study also shows how communication technology affects network performance in response to congestion. The results of the study demonstrate the potential effectiveness of connected vehicle technology in improving network performance. For an incident with a duration of 900?s and MPR of 80%, total fuel consumption and total travel time decreased by approximately 20%; 26% was observed in network-wide travel time and fuel consumption at 100% MPR.     

Modelling shared space users via rule-based social force model

The promotion of space sharing in order to raise the quality of community living and safety of street surroundings is increasingly accepted feature of modern urban design. In this context, the development of a shared space simulation tool is essential in helping determine whether particular shared space schemes are suitable alternatives to traditional street layouts. A simulation tool that enables urban designers to visualise pedestrians and cars trajectories, extract flow and density relation in a new shared space design, achieve solutions for optimal design features before implementation, and help getting the design closer to the system optimal. This paper presents a three-layered microscopic mathematical model which is capable of representing the behaviour of pedestrians and vehicles in shared space layouts and it is implemented in a traffic simulation tool. The top layer calculates route maps based on static obstacles in the environment. It plans the shortest path towards agents’ respective destinations by generating one or more intermediate targets. In the second layer, the Social Force Model (SFM) is modified and extended for mixed traffic to produce feasible trajectories. Since car movements are not as flexible as pedestrian movements, velocity angle constraints are included for cars. The conflicts described in the third layer are resolved by rule-based constraints for shared space users. An optimisation algorithm is applied to determine the interaction parameters of the force-based model for shared space users using empirical data. This new three-layer microscopic model can be used to simulate shared space environments and assess, for example, new street designs.     

港区道路出入口交通组织仿真研究

该文介绍了三种常见港口道路出入口的特点,然后分别针对三种不同类型的出入口采用建立VISSIM仿真模型进行效率评价,并结合SSAM进行安全评价,得出较为准确的数据。     

用于微观仿真车辆模型中轨迹的简化算法

实际车辆运行轨迹的测量和计算都比较复杂。现存的微观仿真车辆模型，往往都回避了车辆轨迹的计算，而用直线运行来近似代替。构建微观车辆模型时，在影响车辆运行轨迹的各个因素中，可以只考虑前轮转向角和前后轴间距离2个主要因素，而质量、摩擦、刚体系数等其他次要因素是可以忽略的。据此，给出了车辆运行轨迹计算的简化算法，并为此进行了若干试验论证。结果表明，这种简化，一方面使得车辆微观模型在轨迹上更加接近于真实，另一方面，算法计算量小，是微观仿真中可以接受的。     

轨道交通行人流运动建模及仿真

轨道交通内部行人流运动规律及其基本特征与轨道交通建设与运营组织密切相关,随着我国轨道交通建设和运营规模的不断扩大,轨道交通内大规模、高密度行人流运动对轨道交通安全与组织是一个值得关注的重要课题,本文以现有的社会力模型为基础,对模型参数中的驱动力、吸引力和方向影响进行改进,在模型计算时引入矩形作用范围,提出避免过度重叠的...     

路面改造期间环境影响评估及用户成本分析

为了解由于公路占道作业对交通产生的影响,本文通过运用PARAMICS这一仿真软件模拟了20km长双向6车道一级公路在旧路面改造过程中三种不同交通负荷下的交通运行状况,并据此分别从环境影响及用户成本两方面定量化分析了公路占道作业给交通所带来的影响。通过定量化分析结果可以发现,在环境影响方面,机动车产生的温室效应及污染物排放随交通量的增长大致呈线性变化;在用户成本方面,公路占道作业致使路段车辆运行速度下降,从而造成一定时间内通过整段公路的所有车辆总燃油消耗减少,而总的用户成本却随交通量的增长呈非线性增加的趋势。     

通行能力仿真中的换道模型研究

道路通行能力是在饱和交通流下得到的,而目前交通微观仿真中缺少分析饱和流状况下的换道模型,从分析饱和流下换道行为的特性出发,建立了饱和流率下的换道模型。该模型在需求判断中用累积的速度优势代替了传统模型的瞬间速度优势,避免了仿真中车辆在短时间内频繁换道的现象;在可行性检测中加入了前后间距不足时司机的减速行为,与传统模型相比该模型能更好地反映拥挤流下的换道行为,更适合于道路通行能力的仿真。     

交通控制算法在Paramics交通仿真软件中的实现

阐述了利用微观交通仿真软件Paramics进行控制策略仿真的研究思路,通过Modeller建立的图形界面,可以设计各种路况;利用丰富的API函数,实现各种控制策略;并提供了多种进行控制效果评价的功能。同时,可以和Mat-lab这种强大的算法仿真软件进行有机的结合,一方面应用Matlab强大的数据分析能力,另一方面应用其丰富的控制算法工具箱,大大缩短的仿真开发周期。因此,Paramics是一个验证控制策略的优良仿真平台。     

氮对316系列不锈钢低周疲劳特性的影响

对３１６Ｌ和３１６ＬＮ奥氏体不锈钢进行了单轴拉压及两种典型应变路径下的多轴百比例如载体周疲劳试验,并对上述两种材料的单轴及多轴非比例加载低周疲劳位错结构进行了观察,重点分析了合金元素氮对不锈钢的同及多轴比例如载低疲劳特性及其微结构的影响,深入研究了非比例循环循环附加强化及低周疲劳寿命对合金元素依赖性的微观机理。     

Estimating link travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on freeways

Oversized vehicles, such as trucks, significantly contribute to traffic delays on freeways. Heterogeneous traffic populations, that is, those consisting of multiple vehicles types, can exhibit more complicated travel behaviors in the operating speed and performance, depending on the traffic volume as well as the proportions of vehicle types. In order to estimate the component travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on a freeway, this study develops a microscopic traffic‐simulation based four‐step method. A piecewise continuous function is proposed for each vehicle type and its parameters are estimated using the traffic data generated by a microscopic traffic simulation model. The illustrated experiments based on VISSIM model indicate that (i) in addition to traffic volume, traffic composition has significant influence on the travel time of vehicles and (ii) the respective estimations for travel time of heterogeneous flows could greatly improve their estimation accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.