基于CS-SD的车载环境下实时行人检测模型

针对车辆辅助驾驶系统中行人检测的实时性问题, 提出一种基于路面边缘线标定结合显著性纹理检测(CS-SD) 的算法和定位方向梯度直方图(L-HOG) 的行人检测模型, 应用CS-SD算法替代穷尽搜索快速标定图像中的行人区域, 应用L-HOG快速提取行人特征, 并采用附加核心的支持向量机(AK-SVM) 进行高效目标分类。分析结果表明: 在个人计算机上对包含832个行人的500幅图像进行检测时, 模型正确检测720个行人, 检测率为86.5%, 误检率为4.1%, 检测时间为39ms; 在基于BF609的车载行人检测系统上对包含988个行人的48 400幅图像进行检测时, 模型正确检测861个行人, 漏检127个行人, 误检13个行人, 检测速度为20fps。可见, 提出的行人检测模型在不降低检测率的前提下, 可以达到满意的检测速度, 并且可以用于实时行人检测车载设备。     

基于轨迹数据的高速公路分流区冲突替代指标研究

非事故统计交通安全评价指标冲突时间(Time to Conflict,TTC)和后侵入时间(Post En-croachment Time,PET)在2车间距较近或接近冲突点车速较快时,会出现冲突严重程度判别错误.为提高冲突判别的准确性,以高速公路分流区为研究对象,提出基于行车轨迹的冲突严重程度判别方法.采用视频检测技术,对固定背景下的运动目标进行轨迹提取,利用改进的神经网络算法进行实时轨迹预测,根据预测轨迹坐标进行分流区冲突判别,并引入量化指标J以碰撞概率分析分流区2运动单元冲突严重程度.实例分析结果显示,量化指标J考虑避险行为对潜在冲突点出现时间的影响,准确性更高;以J指标预测所得两车最大碰撞概率为59.93%,比TTC下必定碰撞(100%),更接近于实际未碰撞观测情况.     

辽东湾北部浅水区海冰对航行的影响及对策

辽东湾北部浅水区有许多石油开发区块,由于水浅有冰等因素,使在现有的破冰船和冰区航行技术条件下的航行十分困难。分沿岸冻结区、滩涂堆积区和流冰区等不同区带讨论辽东湾北部海冰存在特征以及海冰对航行的影响,并根据海冰存在特点和海域工程的具体特性提出相应的对策。     

Conflict-free arrival and departure trajectory planning for parallel runway with advanced point-merge system

In this paper, an efficient trajectory planning system is proposed to solve the integration of arrivals and departures on parallel runways with a novel route network system. Our first effort is made in designing an advanced Point Merge (PM) route network named Multi-Level Point Merge (ML-PM) to meet the requirements of parallel runway operations. Then, more efforts are paid on finding a complete and efficient framework capable of dynamically modelling the integration of arrival and departure trajectories on parallel runways, modelling the conflict detection and resolution in presence of curved trajectory and radius-to-fix merging process. After that, a suitable mathematical optimization formulation is built up. Receding Horizon Control (RHC) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms are proposed to search the near-optimal solution for the large scale trajectories in routine dense operations. Taking Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) as a study case, the experimental results show that our system shows good performances on the management of arrivals and departures. It can automatically solve all the potential conflicts in presence of dense traffic flows. With its unique ML-PM route network, it can realize a shorter flying time and a near-Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) descent for arrival aircraft, an economical climbing for departure aircraft, an easier runway allocation together with trajectory control solutions. It shows a good and dynamic sequencing efficiency in Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA). In mixed ML-PM mode, under tested conditions, our proposed system can increase throughput at BCIA around 26%, compared with baseline. The methodology defined here could be easily applied to airports worldwide.     

Influential vectors in fuel consumption by an urban bus operator: Bus route,driver behavior or vehicle type?

Energy costs account for an important share of the total costs of urban and suburban bus operators. The purpose of this paper is to expand empirical research on bus transit operation costs and identify the key factors that influence bus energy efficiency of the overall bus fleet of one operator and aid to the management of its resources.We estimate a set of multivariate regression models, using cross-section dataset of 488 bus drivers operating over 92 days in 2010, in 87 routes with different bus typologies, of a transit company operating in the Lisbon’s Metropolitan Area (LMA), Rodoviária de Lisboa, S.A.Our results confirm the existence of influential variables regarding energy efficiency and these are mainly: vehicle type, commercial speed, road grades over 5% and bus routes; and to a lesser extent driving events such as: sudden longitudinal decelerations and excessive engine rotation. The methodology proved to be useful for the bus operator as a decision-support tool for efficiency optimization purpose at the company level.     

我国西南部山区隧道施工期支护结构力学行为特征案例分析

为研究我国西南部山区隧道施工期支护结构所面临的重大问题,将雅安—康定、汶川—马尔康高速公路的典型隧道作为案例,归纳总结施工期存在的高地应力、软弱围岩、断层破碎带、次生地质灾害等潜在危险源,通过现场实测数据深入分析不同危险源环境下支护结构体系的力学行为特征。研究结果表明： 1）当隧道穿越软弱围岩时,围岩强度低、自承载能力差,接触压力、钢拱架应力均显著高于普通围岩隧道,二次衬砌分摊荷载比例显著上升; 2）当隧道穿越断层破碎带时,支护结构受力需要较长时间才能稳定下来,其力学行为呈现出3阶段演化规律,前期快速降低、中期缓慢降低、后期基本稳定; 3）当隧道洞口穿越松散堆积体时,坡体稳定性易受到扰动,其支护结构力学行为具有显著的偏压特性,围岩压力主要集中在深埋侧; 4）高地应力与围岩强度联合控制着围岩稳定性与支护结构体系的力学行为,高地应力硬岩隧道也具有一定的流变时间效应,但由于硬质围岩的强度较大、稳定性较好,支护结构受力相对较小,安全储备较高; 5）高地应力软岩隧道的围岩压力与结构受力显著升高,其支护结构力学行为在施工期便呈现出明显的流变特性,开挖约200 d后,仍然保持着缓慢增长。     

注浆法处理荣乌高速公路下伏采空区的关键技术

通过荣乌高速公路采空区的注浆治理工程,论述了注浆法成孔、帷幕孔注浆施工、注浆孔注浆施工的关键技术,根据施工现场地形地貌及地质情况,对采空区注浆法处治提出一些改进措施,同时指出应遵循采空区注浆质量检测方法、要求及采空区公路路基的变形控制标准,以确保工程质量。     

新疆东部地区矿区资源公路建管问题的探讨

随着经济的发展和“十二五”规划的开展,新疆哈密地区成为矿产资源开发重点基地,矿区道路的质量水平决定着矿产资源的开发力度.目前,新疆哈密地区矿区资源道路的建设正处于新建、扩建和改建阶段,在建设的过程中,出现不可忽视的弊端,因此矿区资源公路的建设与管理问题成为经济发展面临的紧迫问题.如何深入分析和解决哈密矿区资源公路的弊端成为经济发展的首要问题.通过多方面细致的分析,针对弊端寻求解决方案.     

山区某快速路排水工程方案研究

以四川省自贡市高铁连接线为例,分析了山区快速路不同类型道路的排水系统设计.具体介绍了山区快速路排水方式的选择、下穿立交排水、地道排水、高架排水、过水涵洞排水等的特点,探讨了合适的排水设计标准和因地制宜的排水系统方案.