设置非机动车等候区的信号交叉口交通流模型

城市机非混行交叉口的管理与控制是交通管理的重要内容.针对信号交叉口设置非机动车等候区的交通组织方式，建立了交叉口元胞自动机模型.对机动车流采用基于经典 NaSch(NS)的改进多车道元胞自动机模型，建立了交叉口换道规则，增加主动减速规则；对非机动车流采用具有侧向运动的扩展多值 CA模型.研究了设置等候区的车流状态特性，以及非机动车密度和等候区纵向长度对信号交叉口的影响.研究结果表明：设置等候区能在一定程度上提高交叉口的通行能力，但长度并非越长越好，当长度过长时在一定条件下会增大对机动车流的阻滞，总体上等候区是一种值得借鉴的方式；非机动车密度对机动车流的基本图具有显著影响.     

加拿大和美国铁路的公益性运输

在加拿大和美国,铁路客货运输公司全部市场化运作,铁路客运分别主要由VIA公司和AMTRAK公司承担。政府为了维护铁路公益性运输,对长期严重亏损的铁路客运业务进行补贴。借鉴两国经验,解决我国铁路的公益性问题,必须从国情出发,将市场和政策相结合。立法先行,明确我国铁路公益性运输的界限,补贴主体和补贴对象,并制定分类投资政策,实行分层决策制度。     

无人驾驶环境下考虑OD结构的路网容量模型（双语出版）

为了研究未来无人驾驶车辆对路网容量的影响，揭示无人驾驶车辆与普通车辆的相互影响特性，假设无人驾驶车辆遵循系统最优路径，普通车辆遵循用户最优路径，构建了无人驾驶环境下的道路网络储备容量模型。上层模型为满足路段容量约束条件下的最大交通需求，各OD之间的交通需求采用不同的增长乘子；下层模型为两类用户的混合路径选择行为模型，无人驾驶车辆以系统总阻抗最小为目标，而普通车辆以个人出行成本最小为目标。采用多种群遗传算法进行求解，并通过算例验证了模型和算法的有效性和可行性，得到非统一增长乘子下的路网容量，比较了统一增长乘子与非统一增长乘子的异同之处。研究结果表明：①两种计算结果所得到的道路网络容量增长趋势类似，但是非统一增长乘子计算结果大于统一增长乘子计算结果，当无人驾驶车辆市场渗透率达到一定比例时，二者计算结果的差异随着市场渗透率的增加而逐渐减小；②不同OD对的增长乘子不一定相同，无人驾驶车辆的加入可以优化不同地区的OD需求分布，从而提升整个道路网络的容量；③非统一乘子的计算方法可以有效避免不同OD对的干扰作用，提高部分OD对在低市场渗透率下的路径利用率，路段流量分布更加均衡；④当无人驾驶市场渗透率达到较高的比例时，道路网络容量可增加的幅度较小。     

复合地层盾构隧道工程地质勘察方法的研究

盾构法施工与其它地下工程施工方法相比有其特殊性，反映在相应的地质勘察工作中就会有专门的要求，结合复合地层中盾构施工的特点，对目前的勘察内容、工作量等提出了改进意见，对地质勘察阶段的划分提出了看法。     

The valuation of commuter travel time savings for car drivers: evaluating alternative model specifications

The empirical valuation of travel time savings is a derivative of the ratio of parameter estimates in a discrete choice model. The most common formulation (multinomial logit) imposes strong restrictions on the profile of the unobserved influences on choice as represented by the random component of a preference function. As we progress our ability to relax these restrictions we open up opportunities to benchmark the values derived from simple (albeit relatively restrictive) models. In this paper we contrast the values of travel time savings derived from multinomial logit and alternative specifications of mixed (or random parameter) logit models. The empirical setting is urban car commuting in six locations in New Zealand. The evidence suggests that less restrictive choice model specifications tend to produce higher estimates of values of time savings compared to the multinomial logit model; however the degree of under-estimation of multinomial logit remains quite variable, depending on the context.     

金融衍生工具引发的会计问题及对策

金融衍生工具作为一种金融合约 ,对传统财务会计要素定义、会计确认、会计计量以及会计报告的披露带来了全面的挑战 ;文中就此进行了论述并提出了对策。     

中国“入世”与上海金融发展的国际化

围绕推进上海“一个龙头,三个中心”的发展战略,就我国加入WTO对上海建立国际金融中心、金融市场、金融管理体制、金融机构、金融业务、金融创新、金融货币政策,民间融资、风险投资、金融开放等十个方面的影响进行了分析,认为加入WTO为上海金融业的大发展提供了难得的历史机遇,将极大地推动上海国际金融中心的真正建立,并提出了应对WTO挑战,抓住机遇的若干措施及政策建议。     

地铁电客车混合编组运用现状分析

目前国内开通运营的地铁中,电客车以6编组运用最为广泛,同时线路一次性配置长编组车。但部分城市从可持续发展角度采用近期短编组车或初期、近期混合编组车方式,也不失为一种突破创新。分析地铁电客车混合编组的运用现状,对新线路电客车的购置提出建议。     

Time control point strategy coupled with transfer coordination in bus schedule design

A schedule consisting of an appropriate arrival time at each time control point can ensure reliable transport services. This paper develops a novel time control point strategy coupled with transfer coordination for solving a multi‐objective schedule design problem to improve schedule adherence and reduce intermodal transfer disutility. The problem is formulated using a robust mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model. The mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model is equivalently transformed into a robust mixed‐integer linear programming model, which is then approximated by a deterministic mixed‐integer linear programming model through Monte Carlo simulation. Thus, the optimal scheduled arrival time at each time control point can be precisely obtained using cplex . Numerical experiments based on three bus lines and the mass rapid transit system in Singapore are presented, and the results show that the schedule determined using the developed model is able to provide not only reliable bus service but also a smooth transfer experience for passengers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A robust optimization approach for dynamic traffic signal control with emission considerations

We consider an analytical signal control problem on a signalized network whose traffic flow dynamic is described by the Lighthill–Whitham–Richards (LWR) model (Lighthill and Whitham, 1955; Richards, 1956). This problem explicitly addresses traffic-derived emissions as constraints or objectives. We seek to tackle this problem using a mixed integer mathematical programming approach. Such class of problems, which we call LWR-Emission (LWR-E), has been analyzed before to certain extent. Since mixed integer programs are practically efficient to solve in many cases (Bertsimas et al., 2011b), the mere fact of having integer variables is not the most significant challenge to solving LWR-E problems; rather, it is the presence of the potentially nonlinear and nonconvex emission-related constraints/objectives that render the program computationally expensive.To address this computational challenge, we proposed a novel reformulation of the LWR-E problem as a mixed integer linear program (MILP). This approach relies on the existence of a statistically valid macroscopic relationship between the aggregate emission rate and the vehicle occupancy on the same link. This relationship is approximated with certain functional forms and the associated uncertainties are handled explicitly using robust optimization (RO) techniques. The RO allows emissions-related constraints and/or objectives to be reformulated as linear forms under mild conditions. To further reduce the computational cost, we employ a link-based LWR model to describe traffic dynamics with the benefit of fewer (integer) variables and less potential traffic holding. The proposed MILP explicitly captures vehicle spillback, avoids traffic holding, and simultaneously minimizes travel delay and addresses emission-related concerns.