融合浮标与潜标的水声定位噪声测量系统

融合浮标与潜标的水声定位噪声测量系统,可实现对监测水域内不同噪声辐射量级目标的全天候噪声测量。高精度时钟及GPS的加入保证该系统能精确预测各时刻水下目标的运动轨迹。该系统在进行噪声测量时,为保证系统精度,使用频谱补偿修正算法,显著提高时延计算精度。该系统的主控软件可显示待测目标的轨迹,并可融合时间、位置、声学测量信息等对水下目标的噪声进行处理,获取噪声功率谱密度等特性。湖上试验的结果表明,该系统定位结果稳定可靠。     

一种基于双谱的信号检测方法

分析了信噪比为-3 dB噪声背景下,采用基于双谱的检测方法对微弱信号叠加随机噪声进行处理.由于任何高斯随机过程或服从高斯分布的随机矢量的高阶累计量为0的特点,高阶累计量可完全抑制高斯噪声的影响.仿真结果表明,基于双谱的目标检测方法也能较好抑制随机噪声,与传统的FFT检测方法相比,检测效果良好.     

螺旋桨非空泡噪声数值计算方法研究

通过合理的区域划分,分别建立螺旋桨流场计算域与声学计算域,通过大涡模拟求解螺旋桨流场压力信息。利用Light-Hill声类比理论对流场压力进行变换,得到螺旋桨旋转域的面声源与体声源,由此计算整个研究域的噪声分布情况,并对螺旋桨非空泡噪声的指向性进行分析。利用试验值对计算精度进行验证,计算值与试验值对比结果表明,计算方法对螺旋桨非空泡噪声具有较高的预报精度。     

Promoting public bike-sharing: A lesson from the unsuccessful Pronto system

In 2014, Seattle implemented its own bike-sharing system, Pronto. However, the system ultimately ceased operation three years later on March 17th, 2017. To learn from this failure, this paper seeks to understand factors that encourage, or discourage, bike-sharing trip generation and attraction at the station level. This paper investigates the effects of land use, roadway design, elevation, bus trips, weather, and temporal factors on three-hour long bike pickups and returns at each docking station. To address temporal autocorrelations and the nonlinear seasonality, the paper implements a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) that incorporates the joint effects of a time metric and time-varying variables. The paper estimates models on total counts of pickups and returns, as well as pickups categorized by user types and by location. The results clarify that effects of hilly terrain and the rainy weather, two commonly perceived contributors to the failure. Additionally, results suggest that users in the University District, presumably mostly university students, tend to use shared bikes in neighborhoods with a higher household density and a higher percentage of residential land use, and make bike-sharing trips regardless workdays or non-workdays. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the relationship between public transportation service and bike-sharing. In general, users tend to use bike-sharing more at stations that have more scheduled bus trips nearby. However, some bike-sharing users may shift to bus services during peak hours and rainy weather. Several strategies are proposed accordingly to increase bike ridership in the future.     

Converting mixed pedestrian flows into equivalent commuters using standard pedestrian equivalent factors

This paper develops the concept of standard pedestrian equivalent (SPE) factors for converting a mixed pedestrian flow into an equivalent commuter flow. After a comprehensive review of passenger car equivalent (PCE) methodologies, the equal total travel time method is utilised for SPE estimation. A micro-simulation approach is employed for the formulation of the total travel time–flow relationship. Field data collected on walking speed distributions for commuters and older adults in Australia are used as model inputs. An independent samples t-test confirms the significant difference between walking speeds of commuters and older adults. For this paper, a unidirectional flow on flat walkways is initially considered and evaluated across proportions of older people, different flows and different walkway widths. The introduction of older adults significantly increases total travel time especially under congested conditions. Results of this investigation can be used for evaluation or design of pedestrian facilities experiencing similar flow conditions.     

Historic vehicles: an overview from a transport policy perspective

Historic vehicles (HVs) are the heritage of road transport that have surprisingly received little attention in the academic literature. This study presents an overview of the literature on HVs, focusing on the three topics that dominate the policy debate on transport: environmental, safety and congestion impacts. We observed that polluting emissions of HVs are per kilometre much higher (often a factor 5 or more) than those of moderns vehicles. The annual average mileage per vehicle per year of HVs is much lower than other vehicles. The lower active and passive safety levels of HVs are compensated by the way these vehicles are driven, resulting in the risk factors per kilometre being roughly equal or lower than other vehicles. The contribution of HVs to congestion is negligible. However, the transport policy discourse is divided on the topic of HVs. More comprehensive and effective laws and regulation are needed to protect this aspect of the heritage of road transport whilst concurrently avoiding or limiting the problems caused by them.     

福宁高速公路声环境探讨

通过对福建省福鼎宁德段高速公路声环境现状的调查研究,采用类比分析的方法,确定其沿线所要保护的声环境敏感点,合理科学预测交通噪声对声环境的影响,提出减轻噪声污染的若干措施。     

汽车噪声测量的声场空间变换方法及其应用

降低汽车噪声的前提条件是准确确定噪声源位置及声强等参数，声场空间变换方法是确定噪声源位置的一种较好方法，阐述了声场空间变换的理论基础及基本原理，给出了应用实例，并对应用效果进行了分析。     

盘式制动器制动尖叫计算模型的建立

借助于有限元和模态综合技术，建立了盘式制动器制动尖叫的摩擦耦合模型。通过复特征分析，得到了对应于每阶段动模态的阻尼与频率，模态阻尼值揭示了哪 些模态不稳定并有可能产生尖叫；最后运用耦合模型研究了摩擦系数和子结构模态对制动尖叫的影响。     

BC131变速器阻尼降噪结构设计

本文说明了对BC131汽车变速器取力孔盖板做阻尼处理后,可降低噪声声功率级3.2dB,本文分三部分:(1) 阻尼结构的减振降噪机理;(2) 实验装置;(3) 声压级及声功率级的测量和计算。