浅谈欧洲混合动力摩托车的测试要求

欧洲对于交通运输业产生的排放污染物影响非常关注,大多数摩托车生产企业都在开发各种新产品和采用新技术来应对严格的法规要求并减少对环境的污染,其中一项技术就是混合动力技术,该项技术已在乘用车上成熟应用.欧洲最新修订指令2009/108/EC详细规定了针对混合动力摩托车进行排放和噪声测试的特殊要求.     

摩托车燃油蒸发炭罐控制技术研究

针对摩托车国Ⅲ燃油蒸发排放标准要求,以豪豹HB125摩托车为试验样车进行燃油蒸发炭罐控制系统的设计研究。结果表明,所设计的燃油蒸发炭罐控制系统不仅能较大程度地降低燃油蒸发排放水平,满足国Ⅲ燃油蒸发标准要求,其尾气排放也满足国Ⅲ排放标准要求。     

Motorcycle suspension design using matrix inequalities and passivity constraints

This paper presents a design methodology for the suspension system of a novel aerodynamically efficient motorcycle. Since the machine’s layout and the rider’s seating position are unconventional, several aspects of the machine design, including the suspension, must be reviewed afresh. The design process is based on matrix inequalities that are used to optimise a road-grip objective function – others could be used equally well. The design problem is cast as the minimisation of an H ₂ cost with passivity constraints imposed on the suspension transference. The resulting bilinear matrix inequality problem is solved using a locally optimal iterative algorithm. The matrix inequality-type characterisation of positive real functions permits the optimisation of the suspension system over an entire class of passive admittances. Torsional springs, dampers and inerters are then used to construct networks corresponding to the optimal (positive real) admittances. Networks of first, second, third and fourth orders are considered, and an argument based on the compromise between complexity and improved grip is made for the most suitable suspension configuration. Finally, the effects of improved road grip on the stability of the vehicle’s lateral dynamics are analysed.     

Joint Distortion Model for Progressive Image Transmission Using Error Correcting Arithmetic Codes

A novel joint source channel distortion model was proposed, which can essentially estimate the average distortion in progressive image transmission. To improve the precision of the model, the redundancy generated by a forbidden symbol in the arithmetic codes is used to distinguish the quantization distortion and the channel distortion, all the coefficients from the first error one to the end of the sequence are set to be a value within the variance range of the coefficients instead of zero, then the error propagation coming from the entropy coding can be essentially estimated, which is disregarded in the most conventional joint source channel coding (JSCC) systems. The precision of the model in terms of average peak-signal-to-noise has been improved about 0.5 dB compared to classical works. An efficient unequal error protection system based on the model is developed, and can be used in the wireless communication systems.     

Car-free city centres

In a car-free city centre car traffic is limited by an area-wide ban to its functionally necessary share. This usually includes delivery and service vehicles and residents' cars. The lock-out of unnecessary car traffic must not be an isolated measure, but part of a pulland-push approach. The most important supporting measure concerns the provision of attractive public transport services. Case studies from Bologna, Lubeck, Aachen, York, and Nuremburg are reported.     

JS250沙滩车的排放治理

对于JS250沙滩车采用新型号化油器优化 催化剂 二次补气的排放治理方案后和原车相比,可使CO降幅62％;HC降幅61％,基本满足了欧标法规要求,此方法是国内外应用研究的少有案例。     

Effectiveness of red light cameras on the right‐angle crash involvement of motorcycles

Red light cameras (RLCs) have been used to reduce right‐angle collisions at signalized intersections. However, the effect of RLCs on motorcycle crashes has not been well investigated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of RLCs on motorcycle safety in Singapore. This is done by comparing their exposure, proneness of at‐fault right‐angle crashes as well as the resulting right‐angle collisions at RLC with those at non‐RLC sites. Estimating the crash vulnerability from not‐at‐fault crash involvements, the study shows that with a RLC, the relative crash vulnerability (RCV) or crash‐involved exposure of motorcycles at right‐angle crashes is reduced. Furthermore, field investigation of motorcycle maneuvers reveal that at non‐RLC arms, motorcyclists usually queue beyond the stop line, facilitating an earlier discharge, and hence become more exposed to the conflicting stream. However at arms with a RLC, motorcyclists are more restrained to avoid activating the RLC and hence become less exposed to conflicting traffic during the initial period of the green. The study also shows that in right‐angle collisions, the proneness of at‐fault crashes of motorcycles is lowest among all vehicle types. Hence motorcycles are more likely to be victims than the responsible parties in right‐angle crashes. RLCs have also been found to be very effective in reducing at‐fault crash involvements of other vehicle types which may implicate exposed motorcycles in the conflicting stream. Taking all these into account, the presence of RLCs should significantly reduce the vulnerability of motorcycles at signalized intersections. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

摩托车发动机电控系统硬件技术研究

以CG125摩托车用汽油发动机156FMI作为样机,提出了满足欧Ⅲ排放标准的摩托车发动机电控系统的设计原则与总体技术方案。对电控系统的转速和负荷测量方案进行了设计,对转速信号轮、节气门体、氧传感器、喷油器等主要零部件的工作原理、选型、安装设计等方面进行了详细叙述。发动机性能试验结果表明所开发的电控发动机的动力性与经济性均优于原化油器式发动机,整车排放满足欧Ⅲ排放标准要求。     

佛山市摩托车交通问题与解决方案研究

以大量翔实的数据说明了摩托车交通问题是制约佛山市交通可持续发展的主要原因之一。结合佛山市交通基础设施及车辆组成的现状,根据对未来10年的车辆构成的预测,有针对性地提出了解决佛山市摩托车交通的三步走方案,即:第一步,加强摩托车管理,采取疏导与初步限制策略;第二步,合理城市与交通管理等规划,大力发展公共交通;第三步,在一定时期内大力限制摩托车增长,并最终取缔。文中还给出了每一步方案实施过程中的关键问题,并介绍了其中一些方法的实际应用情况。