利用物理模型研究热扩散问题

山东威海华能电厂循环冷却水正态物理模型试验的目的是研究电厂设备冷却水排入海中后对海域及取水口的热污染问题,本文剖析了试验过程,内容包括电厂附近海域的自然条件分析、热扩散理论在模型中的应用、模型设计思想、试验设备量测系统与试验方法以及模型试验中需要探讨的问题。     

Global cutting-path optimization considering the minimum heat effect with microgenetic algorithms

This article considers microgenetic algorithms (GAs), which explore in a small population with a few genetic operators, for cutting-path optimization problems. The major difference between GAs and simple genetic algorithms (SGAs) is how to make a reproductive plan for an improved searching technique because of population choice. It is shown that GAs implementation reaches the near-optimal region much earlier than the SGAs approach, and the GAs give a better solution than simulated annealing (SA). The main objective was to determine what temperature distribution can be obtained from the solution of a travelling distributed heat source. The solution of the travelling heat source on nested raw plate provides information about the vertices of each nested part of the raw plate. From the fact that the initial temperature at a piercing point strongly depends on the heat flow which stems from the previous cutting contour, the temperature of all piercing points must be lower than the critical temperature after each cutting of the components of a part. The critical temperature is identified as the mechanical melting temperature of steels. A heuristic back-tracking method is introduced to find the near-optimum cutting path considering the minimum heat effect on deformation. The heuristic back-tracking method is incorporated with the GAs.     

A pseudofield model approach to simulate compartment-fire phenomena for marine fire safety design

In order to prevent the spread of marine compartment fires, it is necessary to understand the governing factors or characteristics of fire-spread phenomena. We present a pseudofield model approach to this problem. We first described a field model of turbulent heat convection based on a standard k – turbulence model. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of a two-linked compartment fire were carried out in order to predict the turbulent convection flow induced by the heat released from the fire. Then a more complicated fire-spread problem of multilinked compartment fires was analyzed by means of a zone model, in which the amounts of oxygen consumption and gas generation were solved by a gas-balance equations system. The effect of threshold conditions on fire propagation and the effect of the thickness of the heat insulation were investigated with numerical simulations.     

电气化公路技术研究

交通是能源消纳的重要领域，其对社会能源结构的调整和节能减排具有重要的影响和带动作用。在陆路交通方面，轨道交通和小型客运车辆的电气化发展方向相对清晰，而公路货运尚无明确的技术路线。为充分利用清洁能源，减少化石能源在交通领域中的使用，发展并推广电气化公路技术，对重载卡车的蓄电池、燃料电池、混合动力3种电气化方案进行对比分析，结合卡车负载的特点，对不同电气化方案进行评估。研究融合新能源发电及并网、混合动力技术、智能驾驶技术的电气化公路技术，从车辆动力技术、供电线路、受电弓与计费、新能源并网、编组智能驾驶运行5个方面对电气化公路方案进行介绍，可以实现公路货运系统的绿色、安全、高效运行。以10公里线路电气化为例，进行规划和成本估算，构建单车和区域（或路段）电气化的运营成本计算模型，基于燃油消耗和阻力分析2种方法进行计算。对车辆购置及改装、基础设施建设、可再生能源发电、系统环保效益等4个方面进行技术分析与成本测算。从供能技术变革、商业模式和推广路线3个角度对电气化公路技术的未来推广进行论证展望。研究结果表明：电气化公路技术的应用与规模化能够带来巨大的经济与环境收益，其中的混合动力方案与架空线输电方案为面对未来可能的储能技术变革与无线输电普及打下重要的基础，提供了拓展空间，也是重载货车实现智能驾驶的重要步骤；与燃油驱动相比，电驱动百公里成本减少96元，单一重卡年运营成本减少18.8万元，百公里污染物（如：碳氧化物、氮氧化物等）均减少50%以上。     

水火弯板建模系统研究

以逐步回归分析和改进的Ｂ－Ｐ神经网络两种方法为算法,基于Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔ Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ３．０软件平台,应用实船板样本数据,开发了水火弯板局部收缩量的建模系统。     

CZARA of 1990: A Critical Time for Coastal Management

To appreciate the present, sometimes you need to reflect on the past and wonder “what if?” This is one of those times. In recognition of the 40th anniversary of the Coastal Zone Management Act and acknowledgment of the dedication of the program's practitioners, it is important to note that the successful implementation of the Nation's primary coastal law has depended, and will continue to depend, on its legitimacy and institutionalization in the political culture of the country. Today, the national coastal management program, while underfunded and, in recent years, subject to wavering political support, has nevertheless reached a certain level of stability to safeguard the country's coastal resources. It is fitting, therefore, in this special issue of Coastal Management to recall a time when the future of the CZMA was in serious doubt.     

天津海河隧道泡沫-水喷雾系统保温措施升级及改造

海河隧道泡沫-水喷雾系统在冬季寒冷条件下运行时，个别雨淋阀组出现局部结冰的现象，对隧道的安全运行造成一定影响。针对这一运营难题，通过现场实测温度及数据分析，对箱体保温进行散热量计算并实测加热功率，对隧道内不同部位的雨淋阀组制定不同的保温措施。得出如下结论： 1）寒冷地区隧道的泡沫-水喷雾系统雨淋阀组应考虑保温。 2）雨淋阀组的保温措施应结合实际情况，根据箱外温度，制定对应的保温措施。 3）洞口位置的雨淋阀组应设置电加热器保温。 4）设置电加热器的雨淋阀箱体，其热量损失与隧道内温度成反比；温度越低，散热量越大，能耗越大。     

浅窄航道非线性兴波阻力数值计算

应用Rankine面元法计算船舶在浅窄航道中作匀速直航运动时的非线性兴波阻力．基于势流理论，在船体表面、自由面以及岸壁分布Rankine源来表达流场速度势，利用迭代方法满足非线性自由面边界条件，采用映像法满足水底边界条件，采用网格错位法满足辐射条件．以Wigley数学船型为例进行计算，通过改变航速和航道宽度参数，得到相应的兴波阻力．通过分析不同航速下航道宽度变化对兴波阻力的影响，得到了一些有意义的结论．     

脉宽调制逆变器—异步电动机系统电压,电流的计算机模拟

交—直—交电压型脉宽调制逆变器是牵引领域中很有发展前途的一种逆变器。本文对该种逆变器—异步电动机系统建立了一个通用的数学模型,它具有运算速度快、精度高及对计算机内存容量要求低的特点。从原则上来说可在系统的整个调频范围内,在微型计算机上对任何稳态工况时的逆变器输出电压、电机定、转子电流的基波及谐波分量进行分析,从而为该种系统的研制和改进提供了一个有力的工具。     

A Numerical Model for Multiple Phase Transformations in Steels during Thermal Processes

IntroductionltiswellknownthatmetallmpicalstrUcforeofsteelsandheattransferarefullycouPled.PhasechangesdependontemPertheeevoluton,whereastemPertheeisinfluencedbycontrastsofmaterialcharacteristicsbetWeenphasesandlatenheateffects.AlotofworkhasbeenpefformedonthssubeCt,andclassicalmodelsarenowwidelyimPlementedintofiniteelementcomPutercodes[l][2][31[4][5][61.Thesemodelsaregenerallybasedonf.AVramityPekinetics[7][8]l9]Whnthephasechangeisgovernedbydiffusion,.TheKoistinen-Marburgerlaw[l0]fOrmfornsi…