螺旋桨毂帽鳍节能装置的数值评估与试验研究

对螺旋桨毂帽鳍装置的节能效果采用粘流CFD数值模拟与模型试验的方法进行了评估.利用CFD数值工具对毂帽鳍的节能机理、螺旋桨与毂帽鳍的相互作用,以及雷诺数对节能效果评估的影响进行了详细研究.研究表明,在将桨毂、毂帽鳍和桨叶看作一个系统来考虑时,才能定量评估出节能效果.毂帽鳍对整个系统总推力影响很小,对总扭矩显著减小,从而效率增加.实型尺度雷诺数下毂帽鳍计算得到的节能效果更高,这间接证实了毂帽鳍实船节能效果可能比模型试验节能效果更显著.     

基于HyperMesh的重型卡车车门优化

本文以某重型卡车车门为研究对象,在CATIA中建立车门的三维模型,导入HyperMesh中进行模型的简化和网格划分,在自由状态下对车门进行模态分析,对车门进行扭转刚度与下垂刚度等分析。并利用HyperMesh对车门结构进行参数修改和设计,以一阶固有频率为优化目标,以四种工况下的扭转刚度为约束,在车门质量不过度增大的情况下,提高扭转刚度及一阶频率。经过比较分析,得出改进方案,并计算分析了改进后车门的模态特性,为车门的改进设计提供了理论依据。     

试论商品质量规律和商品价值规律

本文在分别解释了商品质量规律和商品价值规律的基础上，论述了它们之间接关系，并着重分析了它们对市场经济的作用，从而得出了它们是市场经济的基本规律的结论。     

微分中值定理的又一证明方法

用“发现”法证明微分中值定理,精简教学过程,培养学生创造性的思维能力.     

H ∞ control design to include nonlinearities. First report: saturation of the rudder

In designing a control system for large vessels, there are two kinds of nonlinearities which must be considered. One is the nonlinearity in equations of motion and the other is the saturation in control devices such as engine output or rudders. These nonlinearities can strongly affect the performance of the control system. A new method to deal with the nonlinearity of saturation has been proposed in this paper. The saturation is considered as a variation of gain in the system. A control system with gain variation can be designed by H _∞ control theory. As an example, a course-keeping control system for a course-unstable ship has been presented. The results show that the method proposed is effective. Received for publication on Jan. 26, 2000; accepted on April 4, 2000     

On the hydroelastic responses of a very large floating structure in waves

New numerical methods are presented for hydroelastic analyses of a very large floating structure (VLFS) of several kilometers length and width. Several methods are presented that accelerate computation without an appreciable loss of accuracy. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods are validated through comparisons with other numerical results as well as with existing experimental results. After confirming the effectiveness of the methods presented, various characteristics of the hydroelastic behavior of VLFSs are examined, using the proposed methods as numerical tools. Received for publication on Dec. 3, 1999; accepted on Dec. 15, 1999     

Variational principle for determining the unknown wetted surface of a planing ship

A variational principle is presented to solve the problem of determining the unknown wetted surface of a planing ship on still water under gravity. The functional associated with the variational principle is expressed by the unknown wetted length distribution, the vortex line function, and the circulation distribution around the longitudinal sections, not by the bottom pressure distribution. In addition, the variational principle is adjoined with pseudoflow, here called reverse flow. The extremal of the functional satisfy the hull boundary integral equation in a similar way to that of lifting-surface theory and the elevated water surface condition along the spray root line. Both are sufficient to determine the wetted surface. A method of high aspect ratio approximation is also investigated. A simple relation is obtained between the wetted surface when moving and at standstill. The calculated shapes of the wetted surface of a planing plate agreed well with experimental results. Received for publication on Nov. 11, 1999; accepted on April 4, 2000     

CFD simulation of 3-dimensional motion of a ship in waves: application to an advancing ship in regular heading waves

A new computational fluid dynamics simulation method has been developed for the unsteady motion of a ship advancing in waves. The objective is to evaluate the added resistance and predict the performance of a ship in waves. In this study, a finite volume method, in the framework of a boundary-fitted grid system, is employed. The motion of the ship is solved with six degrees of freedom by using the hydrodynamic forces and moments obtained from the solution of the simulation method. The marker–density–function method is employed to calculate the nonlinear free surface. This method is applied to the coupled motion problem of heaving and pitching. Received for publication on Nov. 15, 1999; accepted on Nov. 18, 1999     

奥迪无级变速器Multitronic简介

奥迪无级自动变速器Multitronic是目前投放市场的第一种扭矩传递能力达310N.m的无级自动变速器，该变速器按传动比连续变化原理工作，它兼顾了传统有级自动变速器驾乘方便，舒适和手动变速器动力性好，经济好的特点，对Multitronhic的结构特点，主要部件和行驶控制系统进行了简单介绍。     

三效催化转化器在红旗轿车上的应用

为了达到日益严格的排放控制要求,在车辆上采用闭环电控喷射系统配以三效催化转化器是目前比较有效也是最常用的方法之一。本文在红旗轿车上采用闭环多点电控喷射系统并装用三效催化转化器,经试验验证:排放值完全符合排放法规要求,对整车噪声影响不大,功率损失很小且对有害物的转化率也很高,取得了满意的效果。