Estimation of wheel–rail friction for vehicle certification

In certification of new rail vehicles with respect to running characteristics, a wide variety of operating conditions needs to be considered. However, in associated test runs the wheel–rail friction condition is difficult to handle because the friction coefficient needs to be fairly high and the friction is also generally hard to assess. This is an issue that has been studied in the European project DynoTRAIN and part of the results is presented in this paper. More specifically, an algorithm for estimating the wheel–rail friction coefficient at vehicle certification tests is proposed. Owing to lack of some measurement results, the algorithm here is evaluated in a simulation environment which is also an important step towards practical implementation. A quality measure of the friction estimate is suggested in terms of estimated wheel–rail spin and total creep. It is concluded that, tentatively, the total creep should exceed 0.006 and the spin should be less than 1.0 m^?1 for the algorithm to give a good friction estimate. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to imitate measurement errors, but should be expanded in further work.     

新型磁浮式轨道巡检车制动盘温度场及热应力场分析

摘要;采用ANSYS10.0有限元软件,建立了制动盘三维对称循环有限元模型,对实心、开通风槽和开通风槽及散热孔3种不同结构类型的灰铸铁材料的制动盘进行温度场和热应力场的分析.计算比较制动初速度为60 km/h时紧急制动情况下不同结构类型制动盘的热力学特性.仿真结果表明:3种不同结构的制动盘温度分布趋势和应力分布趋势基本...     

温拌SBS改性沥青混合料低温与疲劳特性研究

为了研究温拌剂对SBS改性沥青混合料低温和疲劳特性的影响,采用SGC击实仪成型试件,测试温拌沥青混合料的空隙率与劈裂强度,确定拌和与击实温度,并利用低温小梁实验和四点弯曲疲劳试验测试沥青混合料的力学性能进行评价。研究结果显示:温拌剂掺入,降低了沥青混合料的成型温度.提高了SBS改性沥青混合料的压实性;温拌剂可以提高沥青混合料的破坏应变,使沥青混合料的柔性增加;养生可以提高温拌沥青混合料的低温性能;温拌沥青混合料(WMA)的疲劳寿命大于普通热拌沥青混合料(HMA),并且WMA的疲劳寿命对温度和应变的敏感性较低。     

热仿真分析在前舱熔断丝盒上的应用及验证

通过模拟某轻客车的前舱熔断丝盒上加载实际负载时的温升分布,建立有限元分析的零部件模型,重点对继电器的热分析模块进行优化。基于有限体积法的FLOEFD热仿真分析软件对整个熔断丝盒的温升分布进行仿真,并和实物试验结果进行对比分析,验证仿真分析模型的可靠性,对后续产品热设计的优化具有指导作用。     

低温环境下的锚链性能和选用标准

随着极地航道和油气资源的开发,造船和海工行业开始更多地关注现有装备在极地低温条件下的使用性能。锚链是船舶和平台定位用的重要组件,在使用过程中不可避免会暴露在冰冷海水和极地寒冷的空气中,有时甚至会受到浮冰冲击。钢铁材料的性能会受到低温的影响,从而产生脆化并降低可靠性。文章研究了不同等级的锚链(包括系泊链)材料在低温下的拉伸和冲击性能,并结合现有船级社规范中关于低温环境使用的材料和锚链的要求,对此类条件下锚链的设计和选用提出了参考。     

Measuring transport related CO2 emissions induced by online and brick-and-mortar retailing

We develop a method for empirically measuring the difference in transport related carbon footprint between traditional and online retailing (“e-tailing”) from entry point to a geographical area to consumer residence. The method only requires data on the locations of brick-and-mortar stores, online delivery points, and residences of the region’s population, and on the goods transportation networks in the studied region. Such data are readily available in most countries. The method has been evaluated using data from the Dalecarlia region in Sweden, and is shown to be robust to all assumptions made. In our empirical example, the results indicate that the average distance from consumer residence to a brick-and-mortar retailer is 48.54 km in the studied region, while the average distance to an online delivery point is 6.7 km. The results also indicate that e-tailing increases the average distance traveled from the regional entry point to the delivery point from 47.15 km for a brick-and-mortar store to 122.75 km for the online delivery points. However, as professional carriers transport the products in bulk to stores or online delivery points, which is more efficient than consumers’ transporting the products to their residences, the results indicate that consumers switching from traditional to e-tailing on average reduce their transport CO₂ footprints by 84% when buying standard consumer electronics products.     

延崇高速公路金家庄特长螺旋隧道温度场分布规律及保温层研究

为揭示寒区螺旋隧道温度场时空分布规律，依托金家庄特长螺旋隧道，采用现场监测方法研究寒区螺旋隧道温度场变化规律。基于此，通过数值模拟建立三维模型探究进口风速风温对温度场的影响，并拟合结果数据获得保温层敷设长度计算公式。研究表明： 1）随着进洞深度的增加，进、出口洞壁处空气年平均温度上升，而年温度振幅减小； 出口年温度振幅变化幅度略小于进口。2）隧道贯通后，洞内温度受两侧洞外相对低温的共同作用，同一断面处年平均温度下降，年温度振幅增大。3）隧道在直线段温度场分布规律与同条件的直线隧道一致，从曲线段开始内外径温度曲线发生分叉，外径侧温度较直线隧道温度大；而内径侧温度反之。4）进口风速越大、风温越低，对隧道温度场越不利，通过拟合公式，金家庄特长螺旋隧道进口的保温层长度至少需要1 239 m。     

框架结构钢筋混凝土面板裂缝分析与防治

对重庆果园港区码头现浇钢筋混凝土面板裂缝进行理论分析，找出产生裂缝的原因，并针对性地采取措施。这些措施包括：提高混凝土本身抗拉强度；采用混凝土后浇带方式在施工期间解除束缚面板混凝土的约束；通过对混凝土原材料、配合比的优化和采取施工措施来减少混凝土的自生收缩、塑性收缩、干缩及温度变化和内外温差引起的收缩，从而大大降低混凝土的收缩应力。     

现浇箱梁桥桥面板受力分析

为了研究现浇预应力混凝土城市桥梁桥面板的受力、 构造及配筋， 以天水市藉口镇藉河大桥工程的3～35 m现浇预应力混凝土梁为例， 采用Midas Civil程序进行桥面板结构计算， 在此基础上提出常规现浇箱梁桥面板的倒角尺寸。计算结果表明: 城市桥梁车辆荷载轴重较大， 且由于新桥涵通规基本组合对车辆荷载分项系数的提高， 以往的小尺寸倒角桥面板在腹板根部抗剪承载力已显不足， 需增大倒角尺寸以满足桥面板抗剪承载力要求。     

PEG/SiO2型控温相变沥青混合料的性能

为了解决沥青路面的高温病害,以相变材料等体积替代沥青混合料中的一部分细集料,希望通过相变材料自身的相变过程来调节路面温度。试验得出:掺入相变材料后,混合料的降温效果最大可达到6℃,持续时间约3 h。试验结果显示混合料的马歇尔稳定度下降,流值上升,低温性能及水稳定性均有一定下降,但是仍满足规范要求;进行的车辙试验效果不理想,高温稳定性下降较多。说明了掺入相变材料可以对沥青混合料进行温度调控,但是在一定程度上降低了混合料的性能。