西方航运资本的入侵与上海的近代海运业

鸦片战争之后西方资本入侵中国，洋轮直驶我国沿海江河，传统的木帆船运输业受到剧烈冲击，急速衰落，但以轮船为标志的近代海运业出现了。上海的近代海运业由外国资本、本国官僚资本和民族资本等３种成份构成。西方资本的航运企业垄断上海的航运业达１００年，掠取了中国人民的巨额财富。官僚资本的轮船招商局在西方资本航运企业的刺激影响下出现，又在其排挤、打击下艰难地生存和发展。民族资本的轮船公司深受西方资本和官僚资本的双重抑制、打击，生存更为艰难，历程异常坎坷。     

Meta-frontier function approach to operational efficiency for shipping companies

ABSTRACT

This study uses a meta-frontier function approach to estimate operational efficiency and technology gaps for shipping companies. Researchers have evaluated the relative efficiency of shipping firms with the assumption that shipping firms operate under one frontier technology. However, the assumption of one frontier technology is being argued by efficiency literature. Therefore, this study estimates relative efficiency of shipping firms in different market segments (dry bulk, liquid bulk, and containerized cargo), possibly operating with different technologies and, hence, under different frontiers. This study uses a meta-frontier function approach that allows us to distinguish separate frontiers for different groups and decompose efficiency scores relative to the meta-frontier. Data used in this study is collected from Thomson One Banker from 2001-2013 in the form of unbalanced panel data. Empirical results suggest that dry bulk firms’ production technology is more advanced than others and the production frontier is the closest to that of the meta-frontier. In addition, efficiency scores are all low, but containerized cargo firms achieve higher technological efficiency than the other two groups. It is also suggested that containerized cargo and liquid bulk firms should prioritize improvements in their production technology and dry bulk firms should prioritize improving group efficiency.     

论高科技企业和谐管理团队

以和谐管理理论为基础,以高科技企业的管理团队为研究对象,构建了以“和睦”（团队稳定、氛围友好、风险化解）与“和谐”（共同愿景、角色互补、知识共享、群体进化）为核心单元的二元七要素和谐管理团队模型;并提出构建高科技企业和谐管理团队的具体途径和方法,以期在实践上为高科技企业管理团队的运作提供一定借鉴,在理论上为和谐管理理论拓展新的空间。     

Exploring the influence of built environment on Uber demand

Ride-sourcing services have made significant changes to the transportation system, essentially creating a new mode of transport, arguably with its own relative utility compared to the other standard modes. As ride-sourcing services have become more popular each year and their markets have grown, so have the publications related to the emergence of these services. One question that has not been addressed yet is how the built environment, the so-called D variables (i.e., density, diversity, design, distance to transit, and destination accessibility), affect demand for ride-sourcing services. By having unique access to Uber trip data in 24 diverse U.S. regions, we provide a robust data-driven understanding of how ride-sourcing demand is affected by the built environment, after controlling for socioeconomic factors. Our results show that Uber demand is positively correlated with total population and employment, activity density, land use mix or entropy, and transit stop density of a census block group. In contrast, Uber demand is negatively correlated with intersection density and destination accessibility (both by auto and transit) variables. This result might be attributed to the relative advantages of other modes – driving, taking transit, walking, or biking – in areas with denser street networks and better regional job access. The findings of this paper have important implications for policy, planning, and travel demand modeling, where decision-makers seek solutions to shape the built environment in order to reduce automobile dependence and promote walking, biking, and transit use.     

企业集团公司建立有效财务管理体制初探

本文结合作者多年的财务管理实践,分析了我国目前企业集团公司财务管理的基本特点,论述了在目前形势下建立集团公司财务管理体制的重要性和紧迫性。对现阶段建立何种有效的财务管理体制模式以及如何保障这些财务管理模式的实施进行了有益探讨。     

坚持创新精神快速发展天津港

20世纪90年代以来,国际运输业正经历着由彼此割裂的运输方式向不断整合集约的运输方式发展,全新一代的港航发展模式正在酝酿中。港航合作战略,即指港口企业和航运企业之间,通过各种方式的合作,实现各自发展目标的一种总体设计和宏观规划。本文从理论角度分析港口航运企业合作原因以及合作过程中需要注意的问题。     

The safety ladder: developing an evidence-based safety management strategy for small road transport companies

Traffic accidents account for between 20% and 40% of work-related accidents in industrial countries, and research indicates that road transport companies often have little focus on organisational safety management (OSM). There is thus a huge and largely untapped road safety potential in improving the safety of people who drive in their work, by focusing on OSM. Road transport companies in European countries are often small, however, with limited resources in terms of time, financial resources and competence on road safety. The main aim of the present article is therefore to develop an OSM strategy for small road transport companies. Based on a systematic literature review, taking Norwegian research as its point of departure, the article concludes that four measures seem to be most realistic for small goods-transport businesses, and that these measures seem to have the greatest safety potential. These four measures can be arranged on a ladder, where businesses start at the lowest and most basic level, before proceeding to the next step. While our stepwise safety-ladder approach has not been validated, it is expected that further research would confirm the value of the strategy proposed.     

我国上市公司IPO抑价分析

对2003～2004年我国深沪两交易所的IPO抑价情况进行统计分析,选择发行市盈率、中签率、流通比、最新收盘价格、每股收益、每股净资产等因素作为IPO抑价率的影响变量进行实证分析,得出2003～2004年我国的股票市场正走向成熟等结论。     

Evaluating efficiency in the Norwegian bus industry using data envelopment analysis

This paper focuses on the performance of Norwegian bus companies subsidized by the government. The performance is evaluated from a productive efficiency point of view. The framework is that of a deterministic non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to efficiency measurement. In this context several important issues are addressed: efficiency rankings, distribution and scale properties in the bus industry, potentials for efficiency improvements in the sector, the impact of ownership, area of operation and scope, and ways of improving efficiency in the sector. The findings show that the average bus company exhibits increasing return to scale in production of its services. The extent of such returns however vary, with size and is more prevalent among smaller companies. The average bus company is found to have a considerable input saving potential of about 28 percent. Neither economies of scope nor company ownership are found to have an influence on company performance. It is suggested that geographical factors need a closer attention in future research. The implications of DEA results are discussed and concluding remarks offered.     

轨道交通企业管理信息系统建设浅析

以我国轨道交通企业为研究对象,总结了轨道交通企业管理信息系统建设的特点,提出了轨道交通企业管理信息系统的基本构架。分析了工程项目管理系统在建设阶段对企业核心业务管理的支持。论述了运营阶段企业资产管理系统对支撑企业安全、可靠、经济运行的重要性和企业资产管理系统应用的重要发展。总结了上海磁浮公司实施企业资产管理系统的经验。认为做好基础准备工作是企业资产管理系统实施的重要保证。