Vehicle rollover avoidance by application of gain-scheduled LQR controllers using state observers

Many researches have been conducted in the area of control applied to vehicle dynamics, aiming at reducing the possibility of the occurrence of the type of accident known as rollover. In this research, based on a common nonlinear model and its linearisation, a method for properly selecting matrices for solving the Riccati equation considering different speeds was proposed. The method showed in which ways speed really influences the choice of controller gains. By developing the dynamic equations for the yaw- and roll-coupled motions and modelling of controllers and state observers, it is possible to compare the efficacy of this control strategy using both linear and nonlinear simulations using Matlab. Significant results were obtained regarding the reduction of the rollover coefficient for a double-lane change manoeuvre at different speeds, thus indicating advantages of using this controller in practical cases.     

整车多轮动载作用下沥青路面动力响应

车辆荷载作用下沥青路面各结构层受力复杂,现行公路沥青路面设计规范未能考虑车辆振动特性和橡胶轮胎非线性。为研究整车多轮动载作用下沥青路面动力响应,基于车辆动力学、橡胶材料超弹性及沥青路面黏弹性理论,构建整车-橡胶轮胎-沥青路面三维有限元模型,与实际车-路现场测量比较验证本模型的可靠性,对比分析无路面不平度与B级路面不平度激励下,路面各结构层动力响应。结果表明：通过与实际车-路测量结果比较,沥青层底部纵向最大剪应变与实测值误差为5.889%,表明该车-路动力学模型可靠、合理;B级路面不平度激励下,后轴左单轮接地法向力为0~86.526 kN,车体法向振动加速度为-0.451~0.372 m·s^-2,后轴左悬架弹力为60.376~68.42 kN;与无路面不平度相比,后轴左单轮最大接地法向力、车体最大法向加速度、后轴左悬架最大弹力分别增加113%、402.7%、7.4%;与无路面不平度相比,沥青路面上、中、下面层纵向最大压应力分别增加18.91%、12.4%、21.1%,纵向最大拉应力分别增加3.94%、6.25%、33.3%;横向最大压应力分别增加10.43%、8.47%、9.19%,横向最大拉应力分别增加12.19%、13.08%、33.33%,且压应力数值远大于拉应力;竖向最大压应力分别增加19.1%、19.35%、20.07%,竖向最大拉应力分别增加26.93%、7.38%、6.2%,且前轮压应力大于中、后轮压应力。以上数据说明路面不平度对结构层响应影响较大,车辆振动特性及橡胶轮胎与路面非线性接触不容忽略。     

大型组合式挡泥板固定支架多方案的模拟研究

建立大型组合式挡泥板固定支架系统动力学仿真模型,对其进行三种工况下的动力学仿真分析,计算出各固定点所受载荷,并将其输入到挡泥板固定支架有限元模型进行模态、强度、刚度分析。通过多方案对比分析,并结合工程应用经验,确定正式方案。     

单泵多马达液压行走系统同步方式与动力学研究

基于地面力学理论和液压传动理论,对采用不同同步方式的单泵多马达液压行走系统的动力学问题进行了研究。建立了行走系统的动力学模型,对比了行走系统的牵引力、速度和传动效率。结果表明:在单泵多马达液压行走系统同步方式中,电子防滑技术的性能优于同步分流和自有分流技术。     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

Lateral dynamics emulation via a four-wheel steering vehicle

In this paper, we examine the lateral dynamics emulation capabilities of an automotive vehicle equipped with four-wheel steering. We first demonstrate that the lateral dynamics of a wide range of vehicles can be emulated, either with little or with no modification on the test vehicle. Then we discuss a sliding mode controller for active front and rear wheel steering, in order to track some given yaw rate and side-slip angle. Analytically, it is shown that the proposed controller is robust to plant parameter variations by±10%, and is invariant to unmeasurable wind disturbance. The performance of the sliding mode controller is evaluated via computer simulations to verify its robustness to vehicle parameter variations and delay in the loop, and its insensitivity to wind disturbance. Finally, the emulation of a bus, a van, and two commercially available passenger vehicles is demonstrated in an advanced nonlinear simulator.     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

Roll- and pitch-plane coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension

Passive fluidically coupled suspensions have been considered to offer a promising alternative solution to the challenging design of a vehicle suspension system. A theoretical foundation, however, has not been established for fluidically coupled suspension to facilitate its broad applications to various vehicles. The first part of this study investigates the fundamental issues related to feasibility and properties of the passive, full-vehicle interconnected, hydro-pneumatic suspension configurations using both analytical and simulation techniques. Layouts of various interconnected suspension configurations are illustrated based on two novel hydro-pneumatic suspension strut designs, both of which provide a compact design with a considerably large effective working area. A simplified measure, vehicle property index, is proposed to permit a preliminary evaluation of different interconnected suspension configurations using qualitative scaling of the bounce-, roll-, pitch- and warp-mode stiffness properties. Analytical formulations for the properties of unconnected and three selected X-coupled suspension configurations are derived, and simulation results are obtained to illustrate their relative stiffness and damping properties in the bounce, roll, pitch and warp modes. The superior design flexibility feature of the interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension is also discussed through sensitivity analysis of a design parameter, namely the annular piston area of the strut. The results demonstrate that a full-vehicle interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension could provide enhanced roll- and pitch-mode stiffness and damping, while retaining the soft bounce- and warp-mode properties. Such an interconnected suspension thus offers considerable potential in realising enhanced decoupling among the different suspension modes.