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41.
论述了数控铣床加工低碳钢零件时进给速度的优化问题.在基于加工效率(可等效转化为加工工时)和加工成本目标函数的基础上,对这两个目标函数运用多目标函数理论进行综合,得到了多目标综合函数.通过计算,并综合表面粗糙度,进而得到进给速度的优化范围,并对不同转速下的进给速度给出了相应的优化参数,目的更接近生产实际,使技术人员不仅了解影响生产效率和成本的因素,也可在实际生产的应用中更加快捷和方便. 相似文献
42.
William H.K. Lam 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(4):245-258
This paper investigates the role of transport pricing in network design and describes two facts about flow pattern in a transportation system. The first, illustrated by an example of Braess paradox, is that adding a new link to the network does not necessarily minimize the total travel time. The second is that introducing of appropriate toll pricing may reduce not only the total network time but also the travel time for each individual traveller. It follows with the investigations of different system objectives and different pricing policies (only toll pricing and distance‐based pricing are considered), and shows how they affect the system performance and flow pattern. Lastly, a systematic optimization process is proposed for integrated planning of transport network and pricing policies. 相似文献
43.
The application of public–private partnerships (P3’s) in the transportation sector has grown in popularity worldwide. Despite this important shift in the provision of transportation service, there are clear gaps in knowledge about the impacts of P3 projects, especially on emissions from transportation systems as a whole. Not only should policy makers evaluate the emissions impacts from P3 projects, but they should also think about innovative models that address or charge for emissions into P3 contracts. This addition to P3 contracts could provide a new solution to the long-existing property right paradox: who owns (is responsible for) emissions from transportation systems? This study attempts to fill the research gap by analyzing these innovative models. Using the road network of Fresno, California, as our case study, we offer a number of interesting insights for policy makers. First, average peak emissions costs range from 1.37 cents per mile (the do-nothing case) to 1.20 cents per mile (profit-maximizing cases) per vehicle. Although emissions costs from the P3 projects are lowest for the profit-maximizing cases, the system-wide emissions costs of these cases are highest because of spillover effects. Second, charging project owners for the emissions costs of P3 projects is not an effective way to reduce emissions or the total costs of travel, especially on a VMT basis. Instead, the public sector should implement emissions-included social cost-based price ceilings. When employing these limits, project owners could still be charged for the emissions costs. Finally, using total travel time as the only objective function for evaluating P3 projects can be misleading. Several P3 projects have shown better outcomes using total travel cost with the inclusion of emissions and fuel consumption costs, instead of using total travel time as the only objective function. 相似文献
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《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2012,50(9):1147-1166
Optimum values are selected for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of complex car models, subjected to road excitation, by applying suitable numerical methodologies. These models result from a detailed finite-element discretisation and possess a relatively large number of degrees of freedom. They also involve strongly nonlinear characteristics, due mostly to large rigid body rotation of some of their components and the properties of the connection elements. First, attention is focused on gaining some insight into the dynamics of the mechanical models examined, resulting when the vehicle passes over roads involving typical geometric profiles. Then, the emphasis is shifted to presenting results obtained by applying appropriate optimisation methodologies. For this purpose, three classes of design criteria are first set up, referring to passenger ride comfort, suspension travel and car road holding and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. Originally, the optimisation is performed by forming a composite cost function and employing a single-objective optimisation method. Since the design criteria are conflicting, a multi-objective optimisation methodology is also set up and applied subsequently. 相似文献
46.
公交调度要考虑公司和乘客的多方利益。目标规划法是运筹学中解决多目标问题的有效方法,而优先因子的采用可以区分调度中的各方利益的主次。同一优先因子下加入了权重,可根据实际情况做出灵活有效的调度方案。 相似文献
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李俊芳 《铁路工程造价管理》2008,23(3):1-5
通过对融资结构优化决策特点的分析,指出铁路客运专线融资结构优化决策实际上是复杂的多目标决策问题。在此基础上,建立铁路客运专线融资结构优化决策递阶结构模型、决策指标组合权重熵值法与专家主观意见相结合的计算模型以及模糊投影决策评价模型;并编制了决策系统和分析软件;给出了应用实例进行验证,证明此文建立的评价模型能充分利用信息,对表面上看起来复杂的方案进行优劣次序排列,且能使理论和经验结合起来。排序结果能够比较客观公正地反映我国铁路客运专线融资结构的实际情况,可为铁路客运专线的融资结构提供指标评价及方案优选服务,避免因主观原因而造成的决策偏差。 相似文献
49.
Spatial impacts of road pricing: Accessibility, regional spillovers and territorial cohesion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ana Condeço-MelhoradoJavier Gutiérrez Juan Carlos García-Palomares 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2011,45(3):185-203
Road pricing policies are gaining prominence in EU countries. These policies have positive impacts leading to mobility patterns which are socially and environmentally more desirable, but they also have negative impacts. One negative impact is to be found in regional accessibility, due to the increase in generalized transport costs. This study presents a methodology based on accessibility indicators and GIS to assess the accessibility impacts of a road pricing policy. The methodology was tested for the Spain’s road network considering two road pricing scenarios. It enables not only the more penalized regions to be identified but also negative road pricing spillover effects between regions. These effects are measured in terms of accessibility changes occurring in one region produced by charges implemented in another region. Finally, the study of accessibility disparities (by calculating inequality indexes for each of the scenarios considered), provides policymakers with useful information regarding the impact of road pricing policies from the point of view of territorial cohesion. 相似文献
50.