A nested recursive logit model for route choice analysis

We propose a route choice model that relaxes the independence from irrelevant alternatives property of the logit model by allowing scale parameters to be link specific. Similar to the recursive logit (RL) model proposed by Fosgerau et al. (2013), the choice of path is modeled as a sequence of link choices and the model does not require any sampling of choice sets. Furthermore, the model can be consistently estimated and efficiently used for prediction.A key challenge lies in the computation of the value functions, i.e. the expected maximum utility from any position in the network to a destination. The value functions are the solution to a system of non-linear equations. We propose an iterative method with dynamic accuracy that allows to efficiently solve these systems.We report estimation results and a cross-validation study for a real network. The results show that the NRL model yields sensible parameter estimates and the fit is significantly better than the RL model. Moreover, the NRL model outperforms the RL model in terms of prediction.     

Modelling users’ behaviour in inter-urban carsharing program: A stated preference approach

In this paper, the effects of a inter-urban carsharing program on users’ mode choice behaviour were investigated and modelled through specification, calibration and validation of different modelling approaches founded on the behavioural paradigm of the random utility theory. To this end, switching models conditional on the usually chosen transport mode, unconditional switching models and holding models were investigated and compared. The aim was threefold: (i) to analyse the feasibility of a inter-urban carsharing program; (ii) to investigate the main determinants of the choice behaviour; (iii) to compare different approaches (switching vs. holding; conditional vs. unconditional); (iv) to investigate different modelling solutions within the random utility framework (homoscedastic, heteroscedastic and cross-correlated closed-form solutions). The set of models was calibrated on a stated preferences survey carried out on users commuting within the metropolitan area of Salerno, in particular with regard to the home-to-work trips from/to Salerno (the capital city of the Salerno province) to/from the three main municipalities belonging to the metropolitan area of Salerno. All of the involved municipalities significantly interact each other, the average trip length is about 30 km a day and all are served by public transport. The proposed carsharing program was a one-way service, working alongside public transport, with the possibility of sharing the same car among different users, with free parking slots and free access to the existent restricted traffic areas. Results indicated that the inter-urban carsharing service may be a substitute of the car transport mode, but also it could be a complementary alternative to the transit system in those time periods in which the service is not guaranteed or efficient. Estimation results highlighted that the conditional switching approach is the most effective one, whereas travel monetary cost, access time to carsharing parking slots, gender, age, trip frequency, car availability and the type of trip (home-based) were the most significant attributes. Elasticity results showed that access time to the parking slots predominantly influences choice probability for bus and carpool users; change in carsharing travel costs mainly affects carpool users; change in travel costs of the usually chosen transport mode mainly affects car and carpool users.     

从机会成本的角度谈稳定层摊铺机械的选型

从经济学观点出发 ,利用机会成本原理 ,结合本公司承建的电湛高速公路路面工程特点 ,对该路面工程所应用的基层摊铺机的选型方案进行分析     

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本文建立了动态用户最优（DUO）配流问题的双层变分不等式（VI）模型，该模型能够同时选择出发时间和路径，使得乘客在任意时刻都能够选择负效用最小的出发时刻和阻抗最小的路径。文中用基于混沌优化分析的算法来求解这个双层变分不等式模型，其结果不仅能够告诉出行者应该在什么时刻出发，而且还能够计算每个小时段的路段流入率、流出率及路段流量，从而达到对行人进行诱导的目的。     

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提出了通过具体的效用度量对出行者路径选择行为进行分析的方法。从传统的期望效用理论和前景理论两个方面，对一份关于出行者路径选择的调查数据进行了分析；验证了出行者群体在不确定环境下进行路径选择时，效用度量是基本决策规则，并且其效用度量体系与前景理论针对一般经济主体的效用度量体系接近。最后借助图形说明了合理设定出行者风险态度水平的重要性。     

基于多层次灰关联分析的船型方案优选法研究

如何从多种船型方案中正确选择出一种最佳方案,一直是船舶设计人员需要去研究和解决的一个重要课题.文中根据船舶技术指标体系的层次结构特点,将灰色系统理论应用到船型方案的决策上来,提出了一种多目标、多层次的船型方案灰色优选理论模型,以低层次的输出作为高层次的输入,对每一层次的单元系统进行优选计算,最后利用总的关联度进行排序,对船型方案进行优选.实例应用结果证明该方法使用简便,切实可行.     

Ad Hoc网络基于蚁群的按需路由算法研究

目前已有一些研究将蚁群优化算法应用于Ad Hoc网络,文中在分析已有成果的基础上提出了一种新的按需路由算法,该算法综合了蚁群优化和AODV及DSR协议的思想,在源和目的之间建立起多路径路由,有效地提高了网络传输性能.模拟结果显示,该算法能较好地适应MANET动态变化的拓扑环境,在性能上优于一些相关的算法.     

The influence of bus service satisfaction on university students' mode choice

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bus service satisfaction and the transport mode of choice among university students in Qatar. The degree of bus service satisfaction was collected directly from questionnaire surveys, in which university students were asked questions in relation to their satisfaction with the bus service they used and their transport mode of choice. These questions were categorized into three factors according to confirmatory factor analysis: service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of drivers. Furthermore, the students were asked which mode of transport they used given the choice between public and private transport. This study presents a structural equation model to determine how much bus service satisfaction affects people's decisions about their transport mode. The results from the analysis showed that three key factors—namely, service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of bus drivers—were strongly correlated to the mode of choice. In particular, the bus stop was strongly associated with ease of use, shade, cleanliness, safety, and crowdedness level, while the bus itself influenced reliability, travel time, and frequency. Complying with traffic laws and the driver's attitude were also important contributors to the level of bus service satisfaction. Ultimately, this study will be beneficial for policy/decision‐makers. It will allow them to determine what needs to be accomplished to encourage people to use public transportation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

发展多功能农业致富农村

传统农业解决了我国人民的温饱问题．在当代,人们认为农业除了承担向社会提供特定农产品的功能外,还承担着一定的能源、文化、生态、社会功能．在经济发展日益受到限制的情况下,人们不由自主的将目光转向农业．开发农业的多种功能是农业发展的必然趋势,适应了经济社会发展对农业不断提出的新需求．多功能农业是现代农业的发展方向,有利于推进社会主义新农村建设,增加农民收入,提高农民生活水平．     

Extending stated choice analysis to recognise agent-specific attribute endogeneity in bilateral group negotiation and choice: a think piece

This paper is a think piece on variations in the structure of stated preference studies when modelling the joint preferences of interacting agents who have the power to influence the attribute levels on offer. The approach proposed is an extension of standard stated choice methods, known as ‘stated endogenous attribute level’ (SEAL) analysis. It allows for interactive agents to adjust attribute levels off a base stated choice specification that are within their control, in an effort to reach agreement in an experimental setting. This accomplishes three goals: (1) the ability to place respondents in an environment that more closely matches interactive settings in which some attribute levels are endogenous to a specific agent, should the modeller wish to capture such behaviour; (2) the improved ability of the modeller to capture the behaviour in such settings, including a greater wealth of information on the related interaction processes, rather than simply outcomes; and (3) the expansion of the set of situations that the modeller can investigate using experimental data.