路用矿质混合料的级配设计及其优化

对于路用矿质混合料级配设计及其优化,可针对设计及其优化的不同要求创建相应的数学模型,处理办法是将设计与优化有机的结合在一起,以设计要求作为约束条件,以优化为目标,设计与优化一并完成.该法可用于各类矿质混合料的级配设计,且其中相关模型的求解亦分别有成熟的计算手段或程序可资利用,非常方便和适用.     

带有最优流量记忆时间差的一类新格子模型

为了分析最优流量记忆时间差对交通流稳定性的影响,本文基于考虑驾驶员估计得到的最优流量信息,同时考虑驾驶员在驾车过程中受到记忆时间的影响,给出了一类新的格子流体动力学模型.首先,基于线性稳定性理论,获得了新模型的稳定性条件;随后,通过非线性分析方法,给出该模型的mKdV方程;然后,基于求解上述方程所得到的扭结-反扭结孤立波可用于描述交通拥挤的转化和传播过程.最后,通过仿真算例验证了上述理论分析的结论,即驾驶员的记忆时间和最优流量记忆时间差能够显著影响交通流的稳定性,同时增大记忆时间步长和强度系数可以有效地增强交通流的稳定性.     

Soil Body Deformation Caused by Construction of a Double-Line Shield Tunnel with Multiple Factors北大核心CSCD

Considering the influence of many factors (soil loss, frontal additional thrust, the friction force of the shield shell and the additional grouting force), a method for improving the uniform soil body movement model is pro-posed, and a mechanical calculation model is established to study the calculation method for soil body deformation caused by double-line parallel shield driving. Based on the Mindlin solutions of elastic mechanics, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by the last three factors are calculated; considering the uniform soil body movement model, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by soil loss are calculated, then the to-tal theoretical solutions for soil body deformations under multiple factors are obtained by means of superposition. The vertical surface settlement, vertical horizontal displacement, and vertical displacements of the soil body at different depths of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 are calculated to analyze the variation laws. Meanwhile the influential factors for horizontal displacement variation are studied. The research shows that with a change of depth, the settlement of the soil body changes within the scope of 10 to 13 m in the horizontal direction near where the maximum settlement occurs;the direction of the horizontal displacement of the soil body changes with a change of the positional relationship be-tween the calculation points and the tunnel; and with an increase of interval J for the two tunnels, the horizontal dis-placement of the soil body of a deep double-line tunnel decreases while the displacement near the surface changes slightly. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

线阵CCD油管螺纹测量系统程序开发

基于线阵CCD的油管外螺纹参数检测系统是一种先进的非接触式工业检测系统,包括硬件和软件两部分。针对该系统的重要组成部分———控制、计算程序的设计和开发进行了详细的阐述。该程序的开发基于Windows 2000,开发工具为C Builder 6.0,包括数据采集与存储、滤波、边界点选取、参数计算等多个模块。程序功能完整,界面友好,控制精确,计算结果能够满足测量系统的精度要求。     

列车提速后《铁路技术管理规程》发展演变特征研究

《铁路技术管理规程》是我国铁路的基本规章,研究不同版本的演变特征对其管理及不断修订完善具有重要意义。通过对铁路列车提速以来近三版《铁路技术管理规程》修订背景回顾与发展历程分析,基于文本相似度算法,构建了不同版本间的条款关联关系并量化分析了相邻版本及各个章节条款关联强度。运用政策文献计量法,逐版逐条研究其修订类型并从版本与章节两个维度分别量化分析了条款修订类型分布特征。在此基础上,总结提出了《铁路技术管理规程》演变发展特征与趋势。该研究对《铁路技术管理规程》的科学管理及今后动态修订完善具有重要支撑作用。     

Mathematical model for optimising the sequence for clearing snow from the manoeuvring area during winter operations

This article considers the optimisation of the sequence for clearing snow from stretches of the manoeuvring area of an airport. This issue involves the optimisation of limited resources to remove snow from taxiways and runways thereby leaving them in an acceptable condition for operating aircraft. The airfield is divided into subsets of significant stretches for the purpose of operations and target times are established during which these are open to aircraft traffic. The document contains several mathematical models each with different functions, such as the end time of the process, the sum of the end times of each stretch and gap between the estimated and the real end times. During this process, we introduce different operating restrictions on partial fulfilment of the operational targets as applied to zones of special interest, or relating to the operation of the snow‐clearing machines. The problem is solved by optimisation based on linear programming. The article gives the results of the computational tests carried out on five distinct models of the manoeuvring area, which cover increasingly complex situations and larger areas. The mathematical model is particularised for the case of the manoeuvring area of Adolfo Suarez Madrid—Barajas Airport. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Highlights
• Optimal sequence for clearing snow from the manoeuvring area of an airport.
• Contains optimising algorithms solved using CPLEX LP‐based tree search.
• Restrictions on partial fulfilment of operational targets applied to subsets of significant stretches, used for planning the operation of snow‐clearing machines.
• Model applied to the case of the manoeuvring area of Adolfo Suárez Madrid Barajas Airport.
• Conclusions are given on the results of the computational tests carried out. There are five models of the manoeuvring area which cover increasingly complex situations and larger areas.

     

A driver advisory system with dynamic losses for passenger electric multiple units

Driver advisory systems, instructing the driver how to control the train in an energy efficient manner, is one the main tools for minimizing energy consumption in the railway sector. There are many driver advisory systems already available in the market, together with significant literature on the mathematical formulation of the problem. However, much less is published on the development of such mathematical formulations, their implementation in real systems, and on the empirical data from their deployment. Moreover, nearly all the designed driver advisory systems are designed as an additional hardware to be added in drivers’ cabin. This paper discusses the design of a mathematical formulation and optimization approach for such a system, together with its implementation into an Android-based prototype, the results from on-board practical experiments, and experiences from the implementation. The system is based on a more realistic train model where energy calculations take into account dynamic losses in different components of the propulsion system, contrary to previous approaches. The experimental evaluation shows a significant increase in accuracy, as compared to a previous approach. Tests on a double-track section of the Mälaren line in Sweden demonstrates a significant potential for energy saving.     

基于时空网络的铁路空车调配动态优化模型

为合理配置空车资源,研究了路局（公司）管内空车调配的动态优化问题。构建区分时段长度的时空网络,以准确描述车站作业能力的变化。借鉴运输问题（TP）的基本思想,通过引入空车供需约束,将动态空车调配问题转化为基于时空网络的多商品网络流问题。结合空车调配的特点,设置2组整数决策变量,将分界站排空与局（公司）管内配空分开考虑。设置0-1辅助变量构建车种代用约束。在此基础上,以总费用最小为目标,构建了空车调配动态优化的混合整数规划模型。以中国铁路昆明局集团有限公司管内空车调配为例,验证了模型的可行性与有效性。算例结果表明,与静态空车调配方法相比,构建的动态空车调配模型不仅降低了空车调配总成本,而且调配方案更加贴合实际。与现有动态空车调配方法相比,通过改变时空网络中时段的划分方式,降低了模型求解的复杂度,构建的模型在获取空车调配方案的同时能够更加直观的看出空车在不同时间的作业状态。     

考虑前后多车的网联自动驾驶车辆混流跟驰模型

随着中国新基建战略的提出及自动驾驶和网联通信技术的不断发展,网联自动驾驶车辆(CAV)、自动驾驶车辆(AV)和常规人驾车辆混行的交通流将在未来长时间存在.建立适用于网联自动驾驶车辆、自动驾驶车辆和常规人驾车辆3种类型车辆的混流跟驰模型,考虑多前后车车头间距、多前车速度差、加速度差、与主体车辆的相对距离等因素,并进行典型...     

表层嵌贴CFRP-混凝土界面粘结性能简化分析

为深入研究表层嵌贴碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)加固混凝土结构的界面粘结性能,采用试验与理论分析相结合的方法,分析了混凝土强度、粘结长度和槽边距等因素对界面粘结性能的影响,提出了考虑残余摩擦力的三折线粘结滑移本构模型,并将其简化为无上升段的双折线模型,建立了其界面粘结应力微分方程,通过求解方程得出了解析解的一般形式,推导出界面粘结应力、界面滑移量的分布函数,进而得到了界面粘结承载力的计算公式.最后通过试验对双折线粘结滑移模型进行了验证,并与三折线粘结滑移模型进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:由简化的双折线粘结滑移模型得到的界面粘结行为曲线和基于三折线模型的差异不大,并与试验结果吻合较好;提出的简化分析方法能够较好地描述表层嵌贴CFRP与混凝土的粘结行为.