Introducing congestion pricing on a new toll road

This paper proposes a demonstration project to test the effectiveness of congestion pricing in an urban area. It reviews the general theoretical case for such pricing and summarizes recent international interest in congestion pricing. Next, it sets forth the reasons why demonstration projects are needed, both to add to our knowledge about how effective congestion pricing may prove to be, and to address political and other public-acceptance barriers to implementation of the concept. The paper then defines a specific proposed test site for congestion pricing: a new toll road being planned for Orange County, California. It is proposed that instead of charging flat-rate tolls, the transportation agency could charge peak and off-peak tolls, increasing the level of the peak charge each year over a period of up to 10 years unless or until toll revenues decline below the levels forecast under the flat-rate toll alternative. Measurements of traffic flow and ride-sharing behavior would be made, as well as calculations of emission-reduction effects. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of marketing and political considerations involved in conducting such a demonstration.Abbreviations ARB Air Resources Board - AVI Automatic Vehicle Identification - CDMG Corridor Design Management Group - HOV High-occupancy vehicle - SJHTC San Joaquin Hills Transportation Corridor - TCA Transportation Corridor Agency - VMT Vehicle miles traveled     

多种支架组合在山区公路现浇箱梁施工中的应用

根据山区高速公路特点,结合施工中遇到的高墩、大跨、跨河（路）等情况,介绍了CRAB模块脚手架、碗扣支架、八三墩、六五墩及军用梁等制式器材相结合作为现浇箱梁支架体系,为山区高速公路现浇箱梁支架体系的施工提供了参考。     

市政道路下穿对机场快轨U形槽变形的影响分析

市政道路下穿机场快轨U形槽的施工过程中,对机场U形槽的沉降变形控制要求严,工程实施难度及风险大。基于北京次干一路下穿新机场快轨U形槽的工程背景,采用有限元软件对道路下穿机场快轨U形槽过程进行数值模拟,研究既有新机场U形槽结构的变形。提出市政道路下穿机场快轨U形槽的沉降变形控制标准,即U形槽位移+4^-4 mm、变形速率≤1 mm/d。得出U形槽结构的变形规律及安全性:在基坑及隧道开挖过程中,由于基坑的卸载作用对隧道沉降槽的影响,土层的位移产生类似板的翘曲效应,而U形槽及路基刚好位于中心位置,受到的影响较小,且承载力和裂缝宽度值均满足控制要求。     

农村公路规划与执行绩效评价体系研究

在分析绩效评价概念的基础上,结合农村公路的特点,提出了农村公路规划与执行绩效评价的概念,应用三维视域内的全景分析法确定了农村公路规划与执行绩效评价的内容;在对财政部和交通部指标进行分析的基础上,按照价值—目标—指标和标准的逻辑思路构建了农村公路规划与执行绩效评价的指标体系;探讨了雷达图分析法在农村公路规划与执行绩效评价中的应用;结合浙江省"乡村康庄工程"绩效评价,论述了相关理论、方法的具体应用。     

中国城市道路交通控制系统发展研究

回顾了交通信号和城市道路交通控制系统的发展过程，分析了ＴＲＡＮＳＹＴ、ＳＣＯＯＴ、ＳＣＡＴ、ＮＵＴＣＳ等系统的特征、运行效果和不足，指出了中国城市道路交通控制系统未来的发展方向－多模式化、最优化、规整化、通用化与模块化。     

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许多城市管道工程施工期间需要占用交通繁忙的主要千道，给本来就难于负重的城市交通雪上加霜。针对该问题，本文系统地研究了管道施工期间交通组织的设计要点和设计方法，详细介绍了验算道路系统容量和饱和度的方法，重点分析了在施工期间如何合理布置交通安全设施以及如何科学安排工期工序，以使得施工围蔽对周边道路交通的影响降至最低。论文最后以广州市黄埔区污水干管工程施工期间交通组织设计为例，采用定性和定量相结合的方法制定科学可行的方案，研究成果对工程实践有一定的指导意义。     

垃圾土的工程性质研究现状

针对垃圾土研究的现状，对垃圾土的工程性质进行了较为全面的论述，主要包括沉降特性、抗剪强度参数和渗透特性这几个实际工程中最关心的3个方面；指出了沉降模型使用中参数选取的不足之处、抗剪强度参数c、φ随时间变化会有所变化等，给出了进一步研究的建议．     

污泥处理厂站BIM正向设计应用

以石洞口污水处理厂污泥处理二期工程为例,针对污泥处理系统复杂、设备管线众多、臭气排放标准高等设计痛点,开展了BIM正向设计。项目设计过程围绕着提高设计综合效率、提升设计精度开展,最终形成经过BIM技术分析校验和承载正确设计信息的设计成果作为交付物。设计结果表明,运用BIM仿真分析软件可以进行复杂、高精度的仿真分析,BIM正向设计路线适用于污泥处理厂站工程设计,并可为设计校验优化提供精准、可量化的决策依据。     

井点降水技术在市政道路工程中的应用

我国东南沿海地区由于其独特的区位优势,成为发展各类产业园的首选地区,但其地下水位普遍较高、土质松软,为工程建设带来了一定困难。通过项目实践,介绍了井点降水在市政道路施工中的运用,并提供了理论公式与有限元计算的分析,表明了井点降水技术适用于有一定透水性的土体,该工法在路基施工、地下管线施工时起到了提升土体工程特性,保证管线顺利开挖施工的作用,具有良好的可行性和经济性。     

Traffic safety,usability and streetscape effects of new design principles for major urban roads

An important aspect of area-wide traffic calming concepts is the integration of major urban roads, because 70 to 80 percent of all urban accidents occur on major roads. Traffic calming which is primarily based on the locational shift to such main thoroughfares is socially injust, because — in spite of all disturbances on those streets — about one quarter of the urban population live there. Social justice can only be somewhat achieved if the expenditures for traffic calming and streetscaping are not used — as today is most common — for accumulating the advantages in the low traffic side streets, but aimed at a partial balance and compensation for the strains caused by car traffic on the major streets. Some compensatory measures and new design principles will be discussed. Backgrounds are the experience in six German model cities of area-wide traffic calming, several research projects and the discussion about new guidelines for major urban roads. Where traffic and environmental burdens focus, the concentration concept should be extended by compensatory measures. That is the state of discussion in Germany examplified by nine topics.This is an edited version of a speech presented by the author at the International Conference Living and Moving in Cities in Paris, January 1990.