延髓头端腹内侧区甩尾相关细胞在肌梭传入镇痛中的作用

目的　探讨延髓头端腹内侧区 (rostralventromedialmedulla ,RVM)甩尾相关细胞在肌梭传入镇痛中的作用。方法　采用辐射热照射大鼠尾部引起甩尾反射 ,同步记录RVM细胞放电和甩尾反射的方法 ,观察琥珀胆碱 (succinyl choline,SCh)诱发的肌梭传入活动对甩尾相关细胞放电和甩尾反射的影响。结果　①RVM内的细胞依据其放电活动与甩尾反射的关系可区分为三类 ,即 :在甩尾动作发生前 4 0 0ms左右放电骤停的off cell,在甩尾动作发生前 2 0 0～6 0 0ms放电骤增的on cell,以及与甩尾反射没有关系的N cell。②股动脉注射SCh引起的肌梭传入活动可使绝大多数的off cell发生兴奋 ,表现为放电频率增加 ,“撤”反应延迟出现或不出现 ;可使绝大多数on cell发生抑制 ,表现为放电频率减小 ,“给”反应延迟出现 ;同时使甩尾的潜伏期明显延长。③肌肉注射布比卡因破坏肌梭后 ,股动脉注射相同剂量的SCh ,对off cell的兴奋作用较未注射组明显降低 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　SCh诱发的肌梭传入可使RVM内off cell兴奋 ,on cell抑制 ,提示RVM在肌梭传入镇痛中起着重要作用     

黄芪对蟾蜍离体单一肌梭传入放电的影响

目的　探讨黄芪、丹参对肌梭传入放电的影响。方法　用空气隔绝法记录蟾蜍离体单一肌梭的传入放电 ,观察黄芪和丹参注射液对肌梭传入电活动的影响 ,并与琥珀胆碱 (SCh)的作用进行比较。结果　应用 5 0mg·L-1SCh后 ,肌梭的自发放电频率由 (0 .79± 0 .12 )Hz增加至 (12 .2 6± 2 .38)Hz。应用 10 0、2 0 0、30 0mg·L-1黄芪后 ,肌梭的传入放电分别由 (0 .80± 0 .34)Hz、(0 .77± 0 .2 9)Hz、(0 .70± 0 .4 2 )Hz增加至 (13.18± 2 .4 3)Hz、(2 4 .0 3± 4 .0 7)Hz、(36 .17± 5 .83)Hz。丹参注射液对肌梭的传入放电没有作用。结论　黄芪可以使肌梭的传入放电频率显著增加 ,且呈剂量依赖现象     

THE ROLE OF RED NUCLEUS IN THE MODULATION OF SPINAL NOCICEPTIVE TRANSMISSION AND IN NOCICEPTION ELICITED BY MUSCLE SPINDLE AFFERENTS

RNiswellknownasanimportantnucleusinmotorcontrolofextra pyramidalsystem .However ,anatomicalstudieshaverevealedthatasignificantproportionoftherubrospinalfibersterminatesintheventralportionofthedorsalhorn (laminaeⅤ Ⅵ ) ,andinpartoftheintermediatehorn (laminaeⅦ ) .Suchterminaldistributionsuggestthatrubro spinalneuronsmaymodulatetheresponsesofdorsalhornneuronsinvolvedintherelayofsomatosensorycutaneousinformationtomorerostrallevelsofner voussystem .ThereareevidencesthatRNstimula tionaffectsnoc…     

肌梭传入诱发的DRP及对刺激腓神经诱发的DRP、VRP的影响

实验用牛蛙和蟾蜍,以背根电位(DRP)和腹根电位(VRP)为指标,观察分析了牵拉肌肉引起的肌梭传入在中枢的效应。结果表明:肌肉制动后,牵拉半腱肌的同时在背根上所记录到的时相DRP为肌梭传入放电所致,本文命名为肌梭DRP并详细讨论了肌梭DRP的性质。同时发现;持续性肌梭传入能加强电刺激腓神经诱发的DRP,能抑制神经VRP。提示肌梭传入参与针刺镇痛可能是以突触前抑制的形式起作用的。本文为突触前抑制理论及针刺镇痛原理的研究提供了新的资料。     

肌苷增强蟾蜍离体单一肌梭传入放电频率

目的探讨肌苷对肌梭传入放电的影响。方法用蟾蜍缝匠肌制备单一肌梭标本以空气隔绝法记录单一肌梭的传入放电,观察肌苷注射液对肌梭传入放电的影响。结果应用0.2 mmol/L0、.4 mmol/L0、.8 mmol/L肌苷后,肌梭的传入放电分别由(0.86±0.12)Hz、(0.88±0.12)Hz、(0.85±0.10)Hz增加至(11.42±2.48)Hz、(21.75±3.03)Hz、(32.25±4.08)Hz。结论肌苷可以使肌梭的传入放电频率明显增加,且呈剂量依赖关系。     

EFFECTS OF PASSIVE STRETCH ON SOLEUS MUSCLE ATROPHY IN IMMOBILIZED RATS

Ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔｓｋｅｌｅｔａｌｍｕｓｃｌｅｍｉｇｈｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｏｂｖｉｏｕｓａｔｒｏｐｈｙｗｈｅｎｓｈｏｒｔｅｎｅｄｉｍ ｍｏｂｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｗａｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄ ,ｔｈｅｍａｉｎｍａｎｉｆｅｓｔａｔｉｏｎｓｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｍｕｓｃｌｅｗｅｉｇｈｔ,ｓｈｒｉｎｋｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｂｅｒＣＳＡａｎｄｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｕｓｃｌｅｆｉ ｂｅｒｔｙｐｅｓ[1-3] ,ｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｓｔｉｌｌｕｎ …     

Steering disturbance rejection using a physics-based neuromusculoskeletal driver model

The aim of this work is to develop a comprehensive yet practical driver model to be used in studying driver–vehicle interactions. Drivers interact with their vehicle and the road through the steering wheel. This interaction forms a closed-loop coupled human–machine system, which influences the driver's steering feel and control performance. A hierarchical approach is proposed here to capture the complexity of the driver's neuromuscular dynamics and the central nervous system in the coordination of the driver's upper extremity activities, especially in the presence of external disturbance. The proposed motor control framework has three layers: the first (or the path planning) plans a desired vehicle trajectory and the required steering angles to perform the desired trajectory; the second (or the musculoskeletal controller) actuates the musculoskeletal arm to rotate the steering wheel accordingly; and the final layer ensures the precision control and disturbance rejection of the motor control units. The physics-based driver model presented here can also provide insights into vehicle control in relaxed and tensed driving conditions, which are simulated by adjusting the driver model parameters such as cognition delay and muscle co-contraction dynamics.     

基于AnyBody的髋关节康复训练肌肉力的分析

应用AnyBody软件的AnyScript编程语言建立了完整的人体模型,并且将髋关节康复器械的三维实体模型导入AnyBody中,创建了人体和髋关节康复器械的整体模型,对整体模型进行逆向动力学仿真和肌肉力分析,得到使用髋关节康复器械时髋关节肌肉群肌肉的受力情况和肌肉的活动度．以人体的髂腰肌为例进行分析,获得了髋关节屈曲训练时髂腰肌的受力和收缩情况,受力和收缩在合理范围内,不会造成肌肉拉伤,说明髋关节康复器械能够使髋关节肌肉群的肌肉功能得到有效的康复训练．     

无创正压通气对AECOPD患者呼吸肌疲劳的治疗作用

目的采用随机平行对照研究,评价无创正压通气(NPPV)对于轻度慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者早期治疗的效果。方法符合入选标准和排除标准的轻度AECOPD的40例患者,随机分为NPPV组和对照组进行治疗并观察治疗前后血气指标、呼吸肌疲劳指标的改变以及医疗花费情况。结果 NPPV组和对照组的PaCO2和pH值差异无统计学意义。NPPV组在治疗2h时PaO2[(79.81±50.3)mmHg]明显升高,和对照组[(64.29±33.2)mmHg]比较差异有统计学意义。NPPV组膈神经动作电位[(200.67±54.0)μV]较治疗前[(127.03±36.0)μV]以及对照组[(150.53±52.0)μV]显著提高,均有统计学意义。NPPV组6min步行距离[(400.25±70.5)m]较治疗前增加,和对照组[(338.41±70.9)m]比较差异有统计学意义。NPPV组的住院天数缩短,但同时治疗花费也增多,和对照组比较差异均有统计学意义。结论 NPPV对轻度AECOPD患者早期干预治疗后可以改善PaO2,缓解呼吸肌疲劳,提高活动耐力,但对PaCO2和pH值无改善。     

A path-following driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics,including measured and simulated responses to a step in steering angle overlay

An existing driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics is improved in the areas of cognitive delay, intrinsic muscle dynamics and alpha–gamma co-activation. The model is used to investigate the influence of steering torque feedback and neuromuscular dynamics on the vehicle response to lateral force disturbances. When steering torque feedback is present, it is found that the longitudinal position of the lateral disturbance has a significant influence on whether the driver’s reflex response reinforces or attenuates the effect of the disturbance. The response to angle and torque overlay inputs to the steering system is also investigated. The presence of the steering torque feedback reduced the disturbing effect of torque overlay and angle overlay inputs. Reflex action reduced the disturbing effect of a torque overlay input, but increased the disturbing effect of an angle overlay input. Experiments on a driving simulator showed that measured handwheel angle response to an angle overlay input was consistent with the response predicted by the model with reflex action. However, there was significant intra- and inter-subject variability. The results highlight the significance of a driver’s neuromuscular dynamics in determining the vehicle response to disturbances.