柱洞法在北京地铁车站工程施工中的应用

以北京地铁15号线学院路站为研究背景,通过查阅资料、咨询专家并进行数值模拟等手段,确立了对导洞内土体进行深孔劈裂注浆措施,加固土体并形成隔水层,取代了传统的地面降水,节约了场地,消除了因降水造成地层水土流失而引起周边建(构)筑物的不均匀沉降,也避免了城市地下水资源浪费。将原来柱洞法的6导洞改为8导洞,钻孔灌注桩改为人工挖孔桩,并对车站结构施工工序进行了优化。工程实践表明,修改后的施工方案缩短了工期,提高了施工效率,效益较好。     

大直径扩径桩与等截面桩对比试验研究

扩径桩作为一种新型桩基形式得到很大的发展,但由于其桩身在某深度发生扩径突变,而给研究扩径桩的荷载传递性状带来不便.现有对扩径桩的研究只限于小直径桩的模型试验以及有限元分析,而对大直径扩径桩的研究比较缺乏.通过对同一场地的同一直径不同桩型的钻孔灌注桩进行竖向静载荷试验,对2种桩型的竖向承载力、桩身轴力、桩侧摩阻力进行对比分析研究.研究结果表明,扩径桩能够提高单桩承载力、减小桩体沉降,而扩径阻力在荷载传递中起关键作用,成为荷载传递中的主要途径之一.     

采用X形桩的遮帘式板桩码头结构静力分析

X形桩是一种反拱曲面异型桩,相比于同等截面积的矩形桩和圆形桩,X形桩具有更大的截面周长和惯性矩,受力性能更好。结合京唐港32#泊位遮帘式板桩码头结构,以X形桩代替传统的矩形桩,研究其对结构静力的影响。结果表明:相同桩间中心距时,以X形桩替代后可减小前墙弯矩;在同等桩间净距1.75 m下,两类模型的前墙最大弯矩基本相同。相同荷载作用下,前墙位移主要受桩间中心距影响,X形桩形状影响效应很小;锚碇墙水平位移受桩间中心距和遮帘桩形状的影响均很小。桩间中心距、净距与桩间土体土拱效应直接相关,对前墙弯矩、土压力、遮帘桩弯矩等有显著影响。桩间中心距为4.05 m或桩间净距为1.75 m时,结构内力改善效果较优,可采用该间距的X形桩替代矩形桩,节约工程造价。     

基于FLOW-3D的新型桩基透空堤消浪性能研究

针对新型附带消浪板桩基透空堤消浪性能,对波浪作用下该新型透空堤的反射系数、透射系数以及波能分布进行研究.采用FLOW-3D数值模拟方法,得出消浪板的开孔率、相对入水深度以及倾斜角度变化时透空堤反射系数、透射系数以及波能分布.结果显示:1)该新型附带消浪板桩基透空堤具有较好的消浪性能,开孔率越小,其反射系数越大、透射系数...     

桩群绕流阻力物理模型试验测量技术研究

由于压强差的存在和桩群表面的摩擦力,水流流过桩群时将产生绕流阻力。对于单根桩的复杂水流条件下绕流阻力的理论分析尚待进一步研究,桩群的阻力计算更显复杂,限于理论计算桩群绕流阻力的复杂程度,桩群水流阻力数值模拟和物理模拟技术仍处在概化模拟阶段。为了通过实测数据辅助研究桩群阻力概化方法,依托物理模型技术、传感器发展水平、软硬件系统集成技术而提出一整套对桩群阻力测量技术的解决方案,并分析了测量结果的合理性。     

高级PHP泥浆在深水大直径钻孔桩施工中的应用

结合国道主干线广州绕城公路西环南段北江特大桥主墩直径250cm桩基施工实践．介绍了高级PHP泥浆原材料组成、调制方法、泥浆性能,重点阐述了高级PHP泥浆在深水大直径钻孔桩施工应用中的控制要点及重要作用。     

混流泵内流场的数值模拟

利用FLUENT软件,采用标准k-ε双方程紊流模型和SIMPLE算法对混流泵内部的三维紊流流动进行数值模拟.通过对其内部流动速度、压力分布的分析,揭示了其内部流动的主要特征,对其性能及改进提供相关信息.     

人工挖孔桩施工与质量控制

在地质奈件允许的情况下,可采用人工挖孔方法对桥梁进行桩基础的施工。人工挖孔受地形限制小,可以多孔同时作业,能加快工程进度并降低工程造价,是比较成熟的成孔方法。     

The structure of dissipation in the western Irish Sea front

We report on an intensive campaign in the summer of 2006 to observe turbulent energy dissipation in the vicinity of a tidal mixing front which separates well mixed and seasonally stratified regimes in the western Irish Sea. The rate of turbulent dissipation ε was observed on a section across the front by a combination of vertical profiles with the FLY dissipation profiler and horizontal profiles by shear sensors mounted on an AUV (Autosub). Mean flow conditions and stratification were obtained from a bed mounted ADCP and a vertical chain of thermistors on a mooring. During an Autosub mission of 60 h, the vehicle, moving at a speed of ~ 1.2 m s^− 1, completed 10 useable frontal crossings between end points which were allowed to move with the mean flow. The results were combined with parallel measurements of the vertical profile of ε which were made using FLY for periods of up to 13 h at positions along the Autosub track. The two data sets, which show a satisfactory degree of consistency, were combined to elucidate the space–time variation of dissipation in the frontal zone. Using harmonic analysis, the spatial structure of dissipation was separated from the strong time dependent signal at the M₄ tidal frequency to yield a picture of the cross-frontal distribution of energy dissipation. A complementary picture of the frontal velocity field was obtained from a moored ADCP and estimates of the mean velocity derived from the thermal wind using the observed density distribution. which indicated the presence of a strong (0.2 m s^− 1) jet-like flow in the high gradient region of the front. Under neap tidal conditions, mean dissipation varied across the section by 3 orders of magnitude exceeding 10^− 2 W m^− 3 near the seabed in the mixed regime and decreasing to 10^− 5 W m^− 3. in the strongly stratified interior regime. The spatial pattern of dissipation is consistent in general form with the predictions of models of tidal mixing and does not reflect any strong influence by the frontal jet.     

A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.