略谈高速公路服务区的建筑节能

从建筑节能的角度,探讨高速路服务区的节能减排,倡导在今后服务区建设和改扩建中树立并积极推行绿色建筑理念,着重从节水方面提出了相关的措施和建议。     

山西平遥至榆社高速公路穿越自然保护区路段的生态环境影响评价

结合山西平遥至榆社高速公路的环境影响评价工作,通过对拟穿越超山自然保护区路段生态环境现状的调查,论述了公路建设可能对生态环境造成的影响,并提出了相应的措施和建议。     

地埋式一体化污水处理系统在高速公路服务区的应用

针对高速公路污水量和水质的特点,设计采用地埋式一体化污水处理系统。通过实际应用和跟踪监测,该系统的应用可实现高速公路服务区污水的达标排放。     

挖泥船输送系统计算分析软件研制

基于矩阵实验室平台,将挖泥船输送系统的计算仿真程序进行封装处理,建立挖泥船输送系统计算分析软件系统(DTAS)。该系统首次汇集了多种泥泵管路特性曲线的计算方法,包括泥泵及管路数据文件的存储查询、泥泵管路特性曲线的计算以及多种计算模型的选择、施工现场数据反分析、接力泵船的计算等十几个计算模块,可以更加系统化、全面化地进行输送计算分析。DTAS系统界面操作简单,为施工及技术人员提供了便捷的计算工具,大大提高了工作效率,可广泛推广应用。     

Area- and gender-based commuting differentials in India’s largest urban-rural region

In the countries of the Global South such as India, rapid urbanization and the increase in individual motorization may lead to a predominance of unsustainable commuting patterns. However, urbanization also has important positive effects, including the empowerment of women. This paper examines newly released, spatially disaggregated data on home-to-work commuting by non-agricultural workers in the National Capital Region of India. It aims to understand and compare commuting patterns in urban and rural areas, including choice of travel modes, commuting distances, and gender differentials.The results reveal a tendency observable in urban residents to use individual motorized transport more often both for short and for long trips, although the proportion of individual motorization is far from what it is in the industrial world. Rural areas are characterized by the predominance of non-motorized travel modes and a large share of long trips. The mobility gap between men and women does not appear to increase with literacy. In urban areas, women often choose to commute by car rather than using green modes of transportation (especially in higher-income districts). The paper stresses the importance of the area and gender differentials that need to be taken into account when formulating regional transport policies.     

Risk assessment framework for exposure of cargo and ports to natural hazards and climate extremes

There is an increase in risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport including ports and cargo. Significant losses have been associated with large scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research. The authors propose a new risk assessment framework that can guide future research and multi-hazard risk assessment processes at different scales of maritime risks.     

排桩整流技术内涵及应用

针对船闸下游引航道口门区横向流速超标问题,分析多种导流建筑物削弱口门区回流的机理,提出运用排桩调整水流流态的技术,并将排桩的概念进行延拓,涵盖以往多种导流建筑形式。结合物理模型试验,将排桩技术运用于大藤峡枢纽船闸下游引航道口门区水流条件改善中。成果表明:采用LD为1.0的排桩整流能降低口门区回流流速。     

航道保护及其范围划定方法探讨

针对航道保护的现状和需求,分析航道保护的内容及影响航道稳定的主要因素,提出核心保护区、敏感区的概念及相应保护措施,探讨航道保护范围划定的基本要求以及需要开展的基础工作等内容。以长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道一期工程航道保护的范围划定为例,对航道保护范围的划定流程提出可操作的建议。     

整体推进式桩基码头结构设计与施工

针对在拉美和非洲地区部分码头建设中,存在大型船机设备缺乏和长周期波较为明显、常规打桩船作业和预制构件安装困难的问题,基于一般桩基码头结构,在设计和施工两个方面进行优化,采用桩顶施工行走平台方法施工,利用桩基自身作为支撑结构,大量采用叠合式上部结构,实现将海上施工转化为陆上施工的创新,形成整体推进式桩基码头结构,规避大型船机设备缺乏和长周期波较为明显的问题,具有良好的经济性和对强震区的适应性。     

水力式升船机竖井内水体的振动分析

地震荷载下升船机系统内水体与浮筒间的耦合作用是影响升船机安全运行的一个难题。通过流体动力学模拟(CFD)方法,讨论在不同频率的正弦激励下升船机竖井内水体的振荡。结果表明:竖井的水体存在一个自振频率,此频率比相同径度、相同水深的矩形池的值大约10%,自振周期约为0.42s;竖井水体的自振频率基本不随高度变化。