新疆公路三级区划中环境参数的提出

自然环境条件对公路工程的影响，主要体现在路线选取、路基强度和稳定性、路面稳定性和耐久性、公路主要自然病害(包括冻融、翻浆、雪害、风沙害、崩塌、滑坡和地震灾害等)、施工条件和养护运营环境等5个方面，分析自然条件和公路工程的关系，提出公路区划中地质地貌环境参数和水热状况环境参数。阐述了环境参数的提出过程，为新疆公路自然区划三级区的划分提供依据。     

振荡压实对桥梁结构物的影响研究

振荡压实是利用在材料厂中产生的快速交变剪应力使材料的颗粒重新排列而变得更加密实。通过振荡压实与振动压实对桥梁结构的振动的对比试验，分析了这2种作业方式对桥梁结构物的影响．论证了振荡压路机在桥梁压实中的优越性。     

潜艇均衡系统自流注水调节阀稳态噪声试验研究

本文模拟建立了潜艇均衡系统自流注水试验系统,对不同假海压力、不同系统流量、不同出口背压及串联2台调节阀时自流注水稳定过程振动噪声进行研究。结果表明:潜艇均衡注水振动噪声随着假海深度的增大而增大;空气噪声随流量调节阀开度的增大而增大,在流量调节阀开度为60°-70°之间,振动加速度及水动力噪声产生峰值;在出口背压为0-0.5 MPa之间时,振动噪声值均大于无背压状态,峰值为0.2 MPa;串联2台流量调节阀可大幅降低自流注水振动噪声。     

超深振捣条件下混凝土墙体模板侧压力的简化计算方法

超深振捣对混凝土成品质量有害无益,研究超深振捣引起模板侧压力增大的规律,可为规避其害提供依据。为此设计4个混凝土墙体试件,实测在浇筑过程中模板侧压力的变化情况。基于振捣液化和液体压力平衡理论,建立了超深振捣情况下混凝土模板侧压力计算模型,推导了计算公式,并与实验数据进行对比验证。研究结果表明,振捣深度是影响混凝土墙体模板侧压力的重要因素,本文提出的计算模型能很好地预测墙体结构超深振捣位置的模板侧压力。     

西南红层软岩地区铁路滑坡形成机理分析及治理措施

红层软岩地区铁路工程建设中滑坡问题突出。本文结合西南地区一铁路红层滑坡治理工程,利用该地区红层滑坡的现场调查结果,从红层软岩特性、地层岩性、地质地貌、水文地质条件、深孔位移监测数据等多方面对该地区铁路滑坡形成机理进行分析,并论述红层滑坡与一般滑坡的不同点,分析红层软岩岩体力学特性、地层主要成分以及红层软岩中的粉砂质泥岩在不同风化程度下的力学特性。根据分析结果提出治理措施,并对治理措施进行评价。总结得出地层岩性、地质水文、人为因素是导致红层滑坡病害发生的主要因素。     

Changes in fuel economy: An analysis of the Spanish car market

This paper estimates the role that technological change and car characteristics have played in the rate of fuel consumption of vehicles over time. Using data from the Spanish car market from 1988 to 2013, we estimate a reduced form equation that relates fuel consumption with a set of car characteristics. The results for the sales-weighted sample of vehicles show that energy efficiency would have improved by 30% and 42% for petrol and diesel cars respectively had car characteristics been held constant at 1988 values. However, the shift to bigger and more fuel-consuming cars reduced the gains from technological progress. Additionally, using the results of the fuel equation we show that, besides a natural growth rate of 1.1%, technological progress is affected by both the international price of oil and the adoption of mandatory emission standards. Moreover, according to our estimations, a 1% growth in GDP would modify car characteristics in such a way that fuel consumption would increase by around 0.23% for petrol cars and 0.35% for diesel cars.     

Driving cycle prediction model based on bus route features

Bus fuel economy is deeply influenced by the driving cycles, which vary for different route conditions. Buses optimized for a standard driving cycle are not necessarily suitable for actual driving conditions, and, therefore, it is critical to predict the driving cycles based on the route conditions. To conveniently predict representative driving cycles of special bus routes, this paper proposed a prediction model based on bus route features, which supports bus optimization. The relations between 27 inter-station characteristics and bus fuel economy were analyzed. According to the analysis, five inter-station route characteristics were abstracted to represent the bus route features, and four inter-station driving characteristics were abstracted to represent the driving cycle features between bus stations. Inter-station driving characteristic equations were established based on the multiple linear regression, reflecting the linear relationships between the five inter-station route characteristics and the four inter-station driving characteristics. Using kinematic segment classification, a basic driving cycle database was established, including 4704 different transmission matrices. Based on the inter-station driving characteristic equations and the basic driving cycle database, the driving cycle prediction model was developed, generating drive cycles by the iterative Markov chain for the assigned bus lines. The model was finally validated by more than 2 years of acquired data. The experimental results show that the predicted driving cycle is consistent with the historical average velocity profile, and the prediction similarity is 78.69%. The proposed model can be an effective way for the driving cycle prediction of bus routes.     

基于基准有限元模型的箱梁TMD振动控制研究

针对高架桥梁结构引起的振动噪声问题,研究TMD控制箱梁结构振动的特性。为了获得精准的箱梁有限元模型,首先以铁路32 m简支箱梁桥为原型,按10:1的几何相似比设计制作简支箱梁缩尺试验模型,应用ANSYS软件建立初始动力有限元模型;对有限元模型模态分析与试验模型模态测试得到的自由模态信息进行误差分析,并采用基于灵敏度分析的模型修正技术对初始动力有限元模型弹性模量和密度进行修正,得到基准有限元模型,误差确认结果显示修正后的有限元模型更精准地反应箱梁的振动特性;进一步利用基准有限元模型,开展TMD控制简支箱梁桥振动的研究,研究结果表明TMD对于抑制桥梁竖向共振有很好的效果。     

道路环境对交通安全的影响及对策

交通安全,涉及到人、车以及道路和环境等很多因素。近年来,因为各种原因使得有关单位以及人员将更多的将精力放在人、车、道路这几个因素上,对道路交通环境没有过多的考虑和研究。深入研究道路交通环境,有利于道路交通的安全,文章通过对其的研究和分析,得出有关道路交通环境对交通安全的影响和解决措施,对于防止道路交通安全事故具有重要意义。同时为人们的生命财产的安全提供保障、对构建社会主义和谐社会具有很大帮助。     

25t轴重荷载作用下隧底脱空区域受力特性分析

为了研究在役铁路隧道在通车之后隧底脱空病害的问题,采用有限元理论,建立隧道脱空区域在围岩压力与25 t轴重列车动载作用下的数值计算模型,主要研究80 cm与40 cm脱空宽度分别距隧道中心线0,80 cm与160 cm时脱空区域的受力特性。结果表明:在围岩压力下,脱空区域中线上壁和外侧顶角混凝土中产生拉应力及内侧顶角中产生压应力,其中压应力对脱空的宽度更为敏感;同时施加列车动载作用时,脱空区域上壁出现了竖向动应力与横向拉应力,得到了脱空区域力学指标的最大响应值及其出现的具体位置,宽度的增加对脱空区上壁横向拉应力更为显著,上壁横向拉应力增幅超过200%,竖向动应力增幅达50%。因此,隧底脱空区周围应力分布复杂,拉应力与压应力在脱空区域同时存在,应力突变严重,对脱空现象应及时组织处理。