悬索桥施工猫道的非线性抗风静力稳定性分析

结合一中跨跨度为９６０ｍ的悬索桥施工猫道的抗风稳定性研究,提出了通过节段模型静力３分力试验以获得静力３分力系数,进而进行猫静力稳定性的非线性计算分析的方法,同时进行了全模型风洞试验。比较非线性计算结果和全模型试验结果可知,该方法能有效地对猫道结构进行抗风稳定性评估。     

斜拉桥独塔施工状态风载内力的风洞试验研究

基于均匀流和紊流风场中的桥我洞试验所测得的桥塔空气力静系数及塔顶抖振响应的位均方根,采用线性叠加法及有限法反演,给出设计风速塔底控制截面的顺风向静风及抖振动内。     

A Computational Model for Pedestrian Level Wind Environment Around Tall Buildings

A computational model has been developed for the simulation of pedestrian level wind environment around tall buildings by coupling the numerical simulation of the full-scale site and meteorological station materials. In the first step, the hybrid/mixed finite element method is employed to solve the two dimensional Navier-Stokes equation for the flow field around tall buildings, in view of the influence of fluctuating wind, the flow field is revised with the effective wind velocity. The velocity ratio is defined in order to relate numerical wind velocity to oncoming reference wind velocity. In the second step, the frequency occurred discomfort wind velocity as a suitable criterion is calculated by use of the coupling between the numerical wind velocity and the wind velocity at the nearest meteorological station. The prediction accuracy of the wind environment simulation by use of the computation model will be discussed. Using the available wind data at the nearest meteorological station as well as the established criteria of wind discomfort, the frequency of wind discomfort can be predicted. A numerical example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed method.     

寒区隧道温度场分布规律及保温层适应性研究

为了研究寒区隧道的防寒保温设计问题,采用数值分析方法探讨不同外界气温、围岩地温以及有无保温层等条件下寒区隧道温度场的分布规律和保温层适应性研究,并采用叠加原理、分离变量法和贝塞尔特征函数建立列车风影响下寒区隧道温度场的计算模型,分析有无列车运行条件下寒区隧道温度场的变化规律。研究结果表明:由于二衬后出现负温分布对隧道衬砌结构安全性影响较大,因此建议将二衬后不出现负温分布作为寒区隧道保温措施的控制指标;在不考虑列车风影响条件下,保温层法最佳适用于最冷月平均气温为-2~-15℃的地区,当最冷月平均气温低于-15℃、围岩地温低于5℃时,保温层法应与主动保温措施相结合;当列车运行速度为300km/h、运行间隔为30 min时,通车与不通车相比隧道洞内中间位置平均气温下降约1.22℃,二衬后沿隧道进深方向出现负温的距离约增加36.8%。     

缆索吊塔架缆风的设计与控制

根据索的特性及底端固支塔架的塔顶位移的变化,提出以塔顶允许位移为控制目标．对塔架线风的设计及施工控制方法的探讨．     

Design optimization of a TetraSpar-type floater and tower for the IEA Wind 15 MW reference wind turbine

We present an optimization study for the conceptual design of wind turbine floaters of the TetraSpar type. The optimization variables include all geometric dimensions of the floater, keel, mooring lines and tower design. A gradient based optimization method is applied to a mass proportional objective cost function. The objective function accounts for the different weight components of the floater, including secondary steel, the wind turbine tower, and the mooring system. A frequency domain response method is utilized, so that each design evaluation also takes into account the dynamic response for 12 wind speeds with associated wave conditions. Nineteen constraints are applied for static and dynamic response, natural frequencies, and fatigue at the bottom of the tower. Two reference designs are presented, namely one with a soft–stiff tower and one with a stiff–stiff tower. Due to the anti-phase coupling of the floater pitch and tower vibration, the soft–stiff tower needs a stronger floater stiffness in pitch. This design thus has a larger water plane area moment than the more compact stiff–stiff floater, which is found to be the least economical. A constraint analysis is next presented based on Lagrange multipliers and a relative cost index. We find that the strongest cost influence is exerted by the 3P tower frequency constraint for the stiff-stiff and soft-stiff designs. Finally, a third design variant with a free optimizable tower frequency is introduced. This design is found to be 11% cheaper than the soft–stiff design and highlights the potential cost savings of tower designs within the 3P region.     

Research on the calculation method of penetration resistance of bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines

The cost of foundations for offshore wind turbines constitutes approximately 35% of the total cost of an offshore wind farm. The bucket foundations show significant potential due to their superior transportation and installation efficiencies compared to pile foundations, leading to potential cost savings for the foundation of up to 30%. For a bucket foundation to be installed successfully, the penetration resistance must be predicted. However, there is currently a lack of clarity on how to select a suitable calculation method for penetration resistance based on known geological parameters to guide construction. In order to evaluate the current methods of calculation for bucket foundation penetration resistance, this study combines theoretical calculation methods with two sets of practical measurement data from the field. The calculation methods of penetration resistance for bucket foundation are first reviewed and categorized. The applicability range of each method and the parameters needed for calculation are given. Next, according to the measured data in the process of penetration of bucket foundation on site, the evolution of compartment pressure, tilt angle, resistance and required suction in the process of penetration are analyzed. Finally, the reviewed methods are compared to the results of two practical projects in order to analyze the differences between them and make recommendations for the calculation technique. The findings can be used as a guide for calculating the bucket foundation's penetration resistance in complex geological conditions.     

整流罩组合措施外形对Π形叠合梁斜拉桥涡振性能的影响

某大跨度Π形钢-混叠合梁斜拉桥存在常遇风速下的涡激振动。为了抑制涡激振动,通过1∶50节段模型风洞试验,针对-5°最不利风攻角工况,开展了涡振性能优化研究。试验对导流板、裙板、下稳定板、风障与整流罩等单一气动措施的制振效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,只有下中央稳定板能在0.65%的阻尼比条件下,将主梁的竖弯与扭转涡振振幅同时降低50%以上。据此开展了以下中央稳定板为中心的组合气动措施研究,发现整流罩与下中央稳定板的组合气动措施能将主梁的竖弯与扭转涡振振幅同时降低75%以上。在此基础上,研究了整流罩竖直板高度与下中央稳定板高度对该组合气动措施制振能力的影响,发现在一定高度范围内,增加整流罩竖直板与下中央稳定板高度均能有效提高组合措施的制振能力,通过优化了该组合气动措施的气动外形,组合措施能够完全消除Π形叠合梁在不同风攻角(0.65%阻尼比)下的涡激振动。最后,采用计算流体动力学的方法,对该气动措施的制振机理进行了研究,计算结果表明：优化后的整流罩组合措施能够同时降低主梁上下表面旋涡脱落尺寸,显著减小主梁受到的周期性非定常气动力,从而达到抑制主梁涡振的效果;若同时降低整流罩竖直板高度与下中央...     

兆瓦级直驱型风力发电系统的效率优化分析

针对兆瓦级永磁直驱风力发电系统,对变流器和发电机效率进行了优化分析.分别建立了中点嵌位式三电平变流器的损耗模型和包括铁损在内的电机损耗模型,通过分析给定转矩下直轴电流与损耗的关系,得到变流器效率最优和发电机效率最优的直轴电流解析式,进而求出永磁同步发电系统整机效率最优解.通过仿真和2MW三电平背靠背永磁直驱风电变流器的实验样机表明,在不同转矩工作区域内,即可以分别实现变流器效率或发电机效率的最优控制,并能提高发电系统整体效率.     

风墙型蒸发冷凝直膨系统研究——以合肥地铁为例

地铁车站空调制冷所需冷源一般通过传统的“冷水机组+冷却塔”的形式获得,冷却塔自身体积大、占地面积大、噪声污染严重,征地拆迁协调困难,不利于地铁的规划建设和城市的发展。风墙型蒸发冷凝直膨式制冷系统(以下简称“新系统”)无需地面设置冷却塔设备,且具有节能降噪、拆迁难度小、建设投资成本低等优点,但该系统存在初期投资成本较高、适用范围受限、运维成本较高等缺陷,无法大面积应用。以合肥地铁三孝口站为例,介绍新系统的工作原理、安装方式、运行能效测评和优缺点,并就建设成本、节能降噪、可行性等进行分析,新系统在社会经济效益、节能降噪、拆迁协调、建设成本,土地资源利用等方面优势明显,对于用地空间狭窄的地铁车站中应用前景广阔。