"市民社会"理论的历史流变及其现代意义

“市民社会”理论是近代西方政治哲学中的重要理论。这一理论的发展经历了一个历史的流变过程。市民社会理论尤其是马克思的市民社会理论，对于社会主义市场经济条件下中国市民社会的建立，以及我国市场经济的发展有着重要的理论和现实意义。     

Probabilistic analysis of the release of liquefied natural gas (LNG) tenders due to freight-train derailments

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has emerged as a possible alternative fuel for freight railroads in the United States, due to the availability of cheap domestic natural gas and continued pursuit of environmental and energy sustainability. A safety concern regarding the deployment of LNG-powered trains is the risk of breaching the LNG tender car (a special type of hazardous materials car that stores fuel for adjacent locomotives) in a train accident. When a train is derailed, an LNG tender car might be derailed or damaged, causing a release and possible fire. This paper describes the first study that focuses on modeling the probability of an LNG tender car release incident due to a freight train derailment on a mainline. The model accounts for a number of factors such as FRA track class, method of operation, annual traffic density level, train length, the point of derailment, accident speed, the position(s) of the LNG tender(s) in a train, and LNG tender car design. The model can be applied to any specified route or network with LNG-fueled trains. The implementation of the model can be undertaken by the railroad industry to develop proactive risk management solutions when using LNG as an alternative railroad fuel.     

浅议客车密封性试验方法

客车密封性是影响客车舒适性的重要指标，对指导客车车身设计有着重要的意义。这里介绍了客车密封性测试的几种典型方法及特点，阐述了针对不同用途的客车应采用适宜的客车密封性测试方法。     

自然通风公路隧道有害气体浓度分布

研究目的:分析计算隧道各个分段的有害气体浓度,以把握公路隧道在自然通风状态下,其有害气体浓度在隧道内部的分布情况。研究方法:对于设有开孔的自然通风隧道,根据其隧道气流运动规律的研究成果,以工程实例计算正常工况下隧道各个分段的有害气体浓度;根据热压作用原理,探析交通阻塞工况下有害气体浓度的计算方法。研究结果:在正常工况和阻塞工况下,自然通风隧道的内部空气质量皆有明显的改善。研究结论:在顶部设有开孔的单向公路交通隧道中,自然通风可以控制隧道有害气体浓度在卫生标准的之内。     

风力发电机刹车系统智能控制及改进研究

简要介绍了风力发电机刹车系统,针对其需要改进的问题,提出了把ABS应用于刹车系统,并介绍了刹车控制系统的软、硬件.     

Changes in the design and operational wind due to climate change at the Indian offshore sites

The increasing global warming is most likely to affect the magnitude and pattern of wind at a regional level and such an effect may or not follow the trend predicted at the global scale. Regional level exercises are therefore necessary while making decisions related to engineering infrastructure. In this paper an attempt is made to know the extent of change in design as well as operational wind conditions at two offshore locations along the west coast of India. The design wind speeds with return periods of 10, 50 and 100 years derived for two 30-year time slices in the past and future are compared. In two separate exercises the past and future wind at the local level is simulated by empirical downscaling as well as by interpolation of the general circulation model (GCM) output. Both sets of past and future data are fitted to the Generalized Pareto as well as Weibull distributions using the peak over threshold method to extract long term wind speeds with a specified return. It is noticed that at the given locations the operational and design wind may undergo an increase of around 11%–14% when no downscaling is adopted and 14%–17% when the GCM data are downscaled. Although these figures may suffer from a certain level of statistical uncertainty the study points out to take a relook into the safety margins kept in the design and operation of ocean structures in the light of global warming.     

Model test investigation of a spar floating wind turbine

Several floating wind turbine designs whose hull designs reflect those used in offshore petroleum industry have emerged as leading candidates for the future development of offshore wind farms. This article presents the research findings from a model basin test program that investigated the dynamic response of a 1:50 scale model OC3 spar floating wind turbine concept designed for a water depth of 200 m. In this study the rotor was allowed to rotate freely with the wind speed and this approach eliminated some of the undesirable effects of controlling wind turbine rotational speed that were observed in earlier studies. The quality of the wind field developed by an array of fans was investigated as to its uniformity and turbulence intensity. Additional calibration tests were performed to characterize various components that included establishing the baseline wind turbine tower frequencies, stiffness of the delta type mooring system and free decay response behaviour. The assembled system was then studied under a sequence of wind and irregular wave scenarios to reveal the nature of the coupled response behaviour. The wind loads were found to have an obvious influence on the surge, heave and pitch behaviour of the spar wind turbine system. It was observed from the experimental measurements that bending moment at the top of the support tower is dominated by the 1P oscillation component and somewhat influenced by the incoming wave. Further it was determined that the axial rotor thrust and tower-top shear force have similar dynamic characteristics both dominated by tower’s first mode of vibration under wind-only condition while dominated by the incident wave field when experiencing wind-wave loading. The tensions measured in the mooring lines resulting from either wave or wind-wave excitations were influenced by the surge/pitch and heave couplings and the wind loads were found to have a clear influence on the dynamic responses of the mooring system.     

方形自升式平台稳性计算

以上海中远船务工程有限公司研发的一型正方形自升式生产平台为依托,依照美国船级社MODU规范的要求,分析了平台的完整稳性、破损稳性和剩余稳性,总结了该类平台稳性分析的方法及过程.对方形自升式平台稳性计算具有一定的参考意义.     

Passive control of jacket–type offshore wind turbine vibrations by single and multiple tuned mass dampers

Vibration control is gaining focuses in the field of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in recent years as the turbine tower becomes taller and more slender. Although a number of research works have been carried out to control the OWT vibrations, using tuned mass damper (TMD) and multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) to control the jacket–type OWT vibrations is rarely reported, especially for the MTMDs, of which the application in the field of OWTs is still in the initial stage. This study focuses on the performance of TMD and MTMDs in controlling the tower vibrations of the jacket–type OWT subjected to the combined wind, wave and current loads, which are the most common external vibration resources for OWTs. The control effectiveness is numerically investigated and evaluated by the reductions of the standard deviation displacement (σ(d)) and the standard deviation acceleration (σ(a)) of the tower top. After the installation of TMD, σ(d) and σ(a) are reduced by 32% and 29% respectively. Larger TMD mass ratios lead to better control effectiveness, but the improvement becomes less obvious as the mass ratios constantly increase. The control effectiveness of the MTMD system is slightly decreased compared with a single large TMD. However, the robustness of MTMDs is superior since the OWT vibrations can still be controlled effectively even if some TMDs do not function. The control effectiveness of the MTMD system can also be affected by the change in the positions of malfunctioned TMDs.     

Development of interlink wear estimation method for mooring chain of floating structures: Validation and new approach using three-dimensional contact response

Long-term operation of mooring systems is one of the challenging issues of floating structures such as floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). For integrity assessment, fatigue and its affecting factors have generated considerable recent research interest as the occurrence of a large number of mooring chain failures at a high rate has been reported. By contrast, only few studies on the effect of nonuniform volume loss of mooring chain links due to wear can be found because of difficulties to estimate wear amounts quantitatively. Considering this issue, in this paper, validation of the quantitative interlink wear estimation method is investigated by applying to a spar-type floating structure. Firstly, the method is presented which consists of the material test, derivation of an interlink wear estimation formula with FE analysis, and calculation of mooring chain response with coupled dynamic analysis using a mass-spring model. To improve insufficient accuracy due to the mass-spring model around a clump weight and the touchdown point, the method is further modified by using a 3-D rigid-body link model. The estimation results and comparison show that the modified method distinguishing between rolling and sliding can calculate the interlink wear amount closer to the chain diameter measurements and more reasonable than the method using the conventional mass-spring model.