Natural Coast Protection and Use in China: Implications of Resource Protection “Redline” Policies

A significant proportion of China's coast has been developed for aquaculture, salt industry, ports and harbors, industry, reclamation, and so on. The stated target, of keeping at least 35% mainland coast in natural status until 2020, in the National Marine Functional Zoning Plan (2011–2020) is unlikely to be realized. This article analyzes the current protection and utilization of mainland coast and discusses effects of coastal over-development. The use of the “redline” policy in natural resources protection, including forests, cultivated land, freshwater and marine ecology is reviewed, and the “redline” policy is advised to be adopted in natural coast protection through such measures as total length control, buffer zones, regional control, inter-region engagement, and efficient artificial coastal areas use and restoration.     

作用于船舶上风荷载及参数的理论计算

风荷载是船舶系泊的主要控制因素,因此对作用于船舶上风荷载计算研究是十分必要的。针对现行水运行业规范中关于作用于船舶上风荷载的计算公式与参数取值问题,基于风荷载的基本表达式,采用理论推演的方法,结合自然条件的更新调整,对空气密度、风压高度变化系数、地面粗糙度、船舶受风面积等参数进行分析,得出船舶风荷载的理论计算公式与参数取值建议,为规范中部分参数的修订与工程设计提供参考。     

塔河油田集气总站计量输差分析及控制

天然气输差是控制输气成本的一个关键指标,可分为计量输差和漏失输差两大类。在实际生产中,由于产生输差的原因非常复杂多变,往往导致天然气计量交接不能满足精度要求。因此,找出影响其计量误差和提出改进措施有着重要的意义。以塔河油田集气总站为例,从旋进旋涡流量计和超声流量计的原理特点、现场应用情况、用户负荷、外部干扰等4个主要方面对引起计量输差的因素进行了探讨,并提出了6项控制措施。其中包括通过现场流程改造,有效解决了FT301超声流量计反向计量不准确的问题,使该站的站输差从5.26%降低到了0.68%,取得了较好的效果。     

四川、重庆地区公路三级自然区划的探讨

结合现行《公路自然区划标准》中的一、二级区划,本文探讨了在四川、重庆地区进行公路三级自然区划的原则以及区划方法问题,使得省际公路区划可以更好的为当地公路的建设提供较为全面的基础资料,提高公路自然区划的操作性和实用性.     

海面粗糙度分析及其与ENSO的关系

海面粗糙度对于海洋工程、海气相互作用和军事海洋研究来讲非常重要,但由于海面粗糙度难以直接测量,因此只能通过间接计算得到。随着卫星微波遥感技术的发展,卫星高度计、散射计等为研究海面粗糙度提供了新的研究方法和研究渠道。作者利用T/P星1997-2000年的高度计反演得出的海面风场数据实现了对海面粗糙度的反演,并对太平洋海域（15°-30°N,135°-150°E）海面粗糙度进行研究,同时研究发现太平洋海面粗糙度在El-Nino、La-Nina期间有明显变化。     

基于自动文本分析的船舶避碰案例学习模型

构建基于自然语言处理的案例学习模型,以文本形式描述的船舶避碰案例,通过自动分词、消岐和语义分析等步骤,从中提取和生成以框架形式描述的避碰案例,并将其存储在计算机中。仿真试验表明,该模型可以实现避碰案例从文本文件到可用案例的有效转换,为案例学习提供新的方法。     

三体船型PCC风荷载的实验性研究(英文)

In recent years, demands for car transportation by a ship have been increasing with favorable economic conditions in auto sector, and the need of a pure car carrier (PCC) has grown quickly. A PCC needs huge parking space but smaller displacement since a car is comparatively light for its volume. As a result, almost all PCCs have wide breadth, shallow draft and huge structure above the water surface. These features cause some technical issues of a PCC, like lack of stability, effect of strong winds on its resistance, difficulty of course keeping in rough seas, difficulty of berthing in strong winds, and so on. To overcome these technical issues, one of the authors has proposed a new concept for a PCC. This is a trimaran PCC which has very limited transverse bulkheads in the center hull by using two side hulls as fenders. In the present research, wind forces acting on a scale model of the trimaran PCC were measured in the towing tank with a wind generator at Osaka Prefecture University. Furthermore, in order to clarify the characteristics of wind pressure on the trimaran, height and width of tunnels which are between a main hull and side hulls were changed. And then, in order to imitate a real ship, we used wind reduction technology of corner-cut design for accommodation house of the ship. Moreover, the wind pressure acting on the trimaran was compared with that on a mono-hull PCC. Using these experimental and theoretical results, an estimation method of wind pressure acting on the trimaran PCC is deduced.     

海上风力机安装技术研究(英文)

Wind power has made rapid progress and should gain significance as an energy resource, given growing interest in renewable energy and clean energy. Offshore wind energy resources have attracted significant attention, as, compared with land-based wind energy resources, offshore wind energy resources are more promising candidates for development. Sea winds are generally stronger and more reliable and with improvements in technology, the sea has become a hot spot for new designs and installation methods for wind turbines. In the present paper, based on experience building offshore wind farms, recommended foundation styles have been examined. Furthermore, wave effects have been investigated. The split installation and overall installation have been illustrated. Methods appropriate when installing a small number of turbines as well as those useful when installing large numbers of turbines were analyzed. This investigation of installation methods for wind turbines should provide practical technical guidance for their installation.     

抗风缆对新疆赛桥静风稳定性控制的有效性研究

新疆赛吾达格尔大桥采用45°斜拉式抗风缆,用简支弹性梁的Rayleigh近似法计算基频;在不同风速下用有限元计算抗风缆施加前后主梁跨中横、竖向位移以及扭转角度,考察抗风缆对大跨悬索桥静风稳定性控制的有效性。结果表明：抗风缆能显著提高桥梁结构的固有频率,产生十分有效的抗风效果。     

基于舰载机起降限制的舰船气流场特性评估方法初探

对具有搭载舰载机能力的舰船而言,其气流场特性的评估取决于对相应舰载机的起降气流条件限制。通过对美国LHA型舰缩比模型的数值建模,结合两种舰载机起降的气流场限制条件对计算结果进行对比分析。在相同定常来流工况下,分别以±15°风向角对该型舰数值模型的两个起降点进行模拟取值,结合直升机和固定翼短距/垂直起落飞机的起降特性和气流限制条件,尝试提出一种评估舰船气流场特性的直观方法,并得出不同甲板气流区域受上层建筑影响的有关结论。