海洋风电场风机基础的设计分析

在阐述海上风机基础的种类和特性的基础上,介绍风机基础的设计要点,包括设计流程,设计的外部环境分析以及风机基础的选型等,分析各个设计阶段的要求及注意事项。     

变周期减摇水舱控制与仿真

减摇水舱的设计首先要考虑与船体的适配,同时在设计中要重点考虑水舱的阻尼与周期特性,其中周期特性是水舱最基本的特性参数,适用周期范围越宽,减摇效果越理想。针对变周期减摇水舱的相当长度与一般U型水舱相当长度计算的不同之处——其连通道宽度可调且边舱面积随边舱外壁角变化而变化,通过积分方法推导出了可变周期减摇水舱相当长度的计算公式,提出了一种适用于变周期减摇水舱的估算方法。所设计的变周期减摇水舱采用连通道挡板控制改变周期,避免了气阀控制的时间延迟问题,还可根据船体运动规律调整连通道阻尼挡板以提高减摇效果。以某型船为例,建立了船舶减摇水舱仿真模型。经减摇水舱自由衰减振荡数值仿真方法验证,所提出的周期估算公式可靠。采用该模型研究了变周期减摇水舱的控制方法,结果表明,在其工作范围内,可使横摇角始终保持在8°以内,可以在5.5～18 s的周期范围内有效减摇,大大超过了被动式减摇水舱的工作频带。     

自然灾害紧急救助保障系统研制

介绍了自然灾害紧急救助保障系统的组成、关键技术研究和发展前景,为综合保障类设备提供一些设计思路。     

Mitigative and adaptive investments for natural disasters and labor strikes in a seaport–dry port inland logistics network

ABSTRACT

Inland distribution is a crucial link between ocean shipping and terminal consumers. However, such a distribution system is vulnerable to disturbance caused by natural disasters and labor strikes. Pre-event investments, specifically mitigative and adaptive investments, could alleviate the adverse consequences of a disturbance to mitigate the possibility of event occurrence and reduce damage after event occurrence, respectively. This study investigates an inland distribution network that comprises one seaport and one major dry port. Moreover, this research discusses the two existing management models in the network, namely, centralized and decentralized systems. We analyze the optimal investment level when coping with natural disasters and labor strikes and compare the results under different cases. Results show that decentralization will increase the total expected cost, while cooperation is always beneficial in terms of pre-event investment. However, an appropriate cost-sharing plan is required to make the cooperation feasible for a seaport and dry port.     

不同约束条件下中低速磁浮道岔主动梁自振特性

为了探究中低速磁浮道岔主动梁自振特性,以清远磁浮旅游线道岔系统为对象,建立3台车和2台车道岔主动梁的有限元模型,对安装面刚性约束和弹性约束下道岔主动梁进行有限元模态分析,与道岔主动梁自振特性实测结果进行对比,研究结果表明:安装面位移约束下3台车和2台车道岔梁的低阶模态频率显著大于实测值,弹性约束下道岔梁模态分析结果与实测结果接近,故中低速磁浮道岔梁有限元建模时应施加弹性约束;相较于2台车道岔梁方案,3台车道岔梁的垂弯模态频率有明显提高,但10~30 Hz频率内的横弯和扭转模态频率变化不大,仅仅增加中间台车抑制和减缓磁浮车岔15~20 Hz耦合共振的效果并不理想,提高道岔梁阻尼和加强道岔梁约束是更合理的选择。     

A stochastic fleet size and mix model for maintenance operations at offshore wind farms

A fleet of vessels and helicopters is needed to support maintenance operations at offshore wind farms. The cost of this fleet constitutes a major part of the total maintenance costs, hence keeping an optimal or near-optimal fleet is essential to reduce the cost of energy. In this paper we study the vessel fleet size and mix problem that arises for the maintenance operations at offshore wind farms, and propose a stochastic three-stage programming model. The stochastic model considers uncertainty in vessel spot rates, weather conditions, electricity prices and failures to the system. The model is tested on realistic-sized problem instances, and the results show that it is valuable to consider uncertainty and that the proposed model can be used to solve instances of a realistic size.     

Modified environmental contour method for predicting long-term extreme responses of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines

Predicting extreme responses is very important in designing a bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines. The commonly used method that account for the variability of the response and the environmental conditions is the full long-term analysis (FLTA), which is accurate but time consuming. It is a direct integration of all the probability distribution of short-term extremes and the environmental conditions. Since the long-term extreme responses are usually governed by very few important environmental conditions, the long-term analysis can be greatly simplified if such conditions are identified. For offshore structures, one simplified method is the environmental contour method (ECM), which uses the short-term extreme probability distribution of important environmental conditions selected on the contour surface with the relevant return periods. However, because of the inherent difference of offshore wind turbines and ordinary offshore structures, especially their non-monotonic behavior of the responses under wind loads, ECM cannot be directly applied because the environmental condition it selects is not close to the actual most important one.The paper presents a modified environmental contour method (MECM) for bottom-fixed offshore wind turbine applications. It can identify the most important environmental condition that governs the long-term extreme. The method is tested on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine supported by a simplified jacket-type support structure. Compared to the results of FLTA, MECM yields accurate results and is shown to be an efficient and reliable method for the prediction of the extreme responses of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines.     

气门重叠角对HCNG发动机回火性能的影响

为研究某高压缩比HCNG发动机的回火特性,进行了发动机回火工况台架试验,结合试验数据,建立HCNG发动机三维仿真模型,对不同气门重叠角下的回火性能进行仿真计算。试验与仿真结果表明:压缩比越高,发动机越容易回火;其他条件不变,较小的点火提前角容易引起回火;原机气门重叠角较大,压缩比提高,导致进气口富氢新鲜充量受热,这是造成回火的重要原因;随着气门重叠角的减小,发动机功率以及最高燃烧压力降低,当气门重叠角为0°时,可有效避免回火。     

基于响应面法的汽车转向系统可靠性优化

针对结构参数的不确定性会导致确定性优化结果不可靠的问题,提出一种将可靠性分析与优化技术相结合的转向系统可靠性优化方法。该方法基于响应面方法构建转向系统优化近似模型,以1阶固有频率为约束,总质量为优化目标对转向系统进行可靠性优化。结果表明,采用该方法对汽车转向系统进行优化,减小了系统质量,提高系统的1阶固有频率,避免怠速共振,达到可靠性优化的目的。     

大跨度悬索桥锚跨索股张力计算参数影响分析

为提高悬索桥锚跨索股张力控制精度,针对锚跨索股的构造特点,基于解析法推导了锚跨索股张力控制精度的一般表达式;结合大型通用有限元计算程序,建立了锚跨索股的两种不同的力学等效计算模型,分析了拉杆的边界条件、物理特性、长度比值等因素对锚跨索股张力计算结果的影响幅度及规律。研究结果表明:拉杆的边界条件对计算结果的影响较大,且拉杆边界条件的特性随索股内部张力的变化而变化,即边界条件由铰接状态向固结状态演变;拉杆弯曲刚度对锚跨索股张力计算结果的影响,主要是由连接拉杆的长度比值决定,当拉杆长度比值小于一定限值或索股应力处于某特定状态时,可将锚跨内的双连接拉杆简化为单连接拉杆进行分析,对应的计算结果仍具有较高精度。