航班延误恢复调度的混合粒子群算法

为了优化航班延误恢复调度, 考虑了航班延误的经济效益、社会影响和经济损失构成, 定义了航线影响因子, 构建了一种新的航班延误恢复调度模型, 将局部搜索方法引入到粒子群算法中, 提出了求解航班延误恢复调度问题的混合粒子群算法。计算结果表明: 与先来先服务调度方法相比, 混合粒子群算法可以减少航班延误损失4.2%, 与基本粒子群算法和进化策略算法相比, 混合粒子群算法平均可减少航班延误损失2.0%, 随着航班延误恢复规模的增大, 算法优势会更明显。     

The load-dependent vehicle routing problem and its pick-up and delivery extension

The present paper examines a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) of major practical importance which is referred to as the Load-Dependent VRP (LDVRP). LDVRP is applicable for transportation activities where the weight of the transported cargo accounts for a significant part of the vehicle gross weight. Contrary to the basic VRP which calls for the minimization of the distance travelled, the LDVRP objective is aimed at minimizing the total product of the distance travelled and the gross weight carried along this distance. Thus, it is capable of producing sensible routing plans which take into account the variation of the cargo weight along the vehicle trips. The LDVRP objective is closely related to the total energy requirements of the vehicle fleet, making it a credible alternative when the environmental aspects of transportation activities are examined and optimized. A novel LDVRP extension which considers simultaneous pick-up and delivery service is introduced, formulated and solved for the first time. To deal with large-scale instances of the examined problems, we propose a local-search algorithm. Towards an efficient implementation, the local-search algorithm employs a computational scheme which calculates the complex weighted-distance objective changes in constant time. Solution results are presented for both problems on a variety of well-known test cases demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed solution approach. The structure of the obtained LDVRP and VRP solutions is compared in pursuit of interesting conclusions on the relative suitability of the two routing models, when the decision maker must deal with the weighted distance objective. In addition, results of a branch-and-cut procedure for small-scale instances of the LDVRP with simultaneous pick-ups and deliveries are reported. Finally, extensive computational experiments have been performed to explore the managerial implications of three key problem characteristics, namely the deviation of customer demands, the cargo to tare weight ratio, as well as the size of the available vehicle fleet.     

Real-time trip purpose prediction using online location-based search and discovery services

The use of smartphone technology is increasingly considered a state-of-the-art practice in travel data collection. Researchers have investigated various methods to automatically predict trip characteristics based upon locational and other smartphone sensing data. Of the trip characteristics being studied, trip purpose prediction has received relatively less attention. This research develops trip purpose prediction models based upon online location-based search and discovery services (specifically, Google Places API) and a limited set of trip data that are usually available upon the completion of the trip. The models have the potential to be integrated with smartphone technology to produce real-time trip purpose prediction. We use a recent, large-scale travel behavior survey that is augmented by downloaded Google Places information on each trip destination to develop and validate the models. Two statistical and machine learning prediction approaches are used, including nested logit and random forest methods. Both sets of models show that Google Places information is a useful predictor of trip purpose in situations where activity- and person-related information is uncollectable, missing, or unreliable. Even when activity- and person-related information is available, incorporating Google Places information provides incremental improvements in trip purpose prediction.     

航海模拟器在海上搜救培训中的应用

海上搜救是一项需多单位协同配合的极其复杂的行动。作为专业的海上搜救单位和海上搜救的社会骨干力量,为了保证其人员应有的技术水平和熟练程度,需要经常地进行演习和培训;船长在考取适任证书以前也必须进行海上搜救的培训和评估。海上搜救实船演习、培训不仅组织困难,而且耗资巨大。本文通过多年成功的海上搜救培训经验,阐述了航海模拟器在海上搜救培训中应用的方式、方法,分析了其优缺点,并提出了相关建议。     

AN EFFICIENT FAST ENCODING ALGORITHM FOR VECTOR QUANTIZATION

IntroductionAs an effective technique for data compression,VQ[1,2 ] has been successfully used forvarious ap-plications involving VQ- based encoding and VQ-based recognition in both vocal and image pro-cessing.The k- dimensional,N- level vectorquantizer is defined as a mapping from a k- di-mensional Euclidean space Rkinto a certain finitesubset C={Ci,i=1 ,2 ,… ,N },which is called acodebook and whose elements Ci are called code-words.A distortion measure D( X,Ci) is a non-negative dissi…     

城市区域物流无人机路径规划

针对城市区域物流无人机路径规划问题,采用栅格法进行环境建模,综合考虑无人机性能、任务性质和城市环境等影响要素,以航程、高度变化和危险度最小为目标函数,构建多约束物流无人机路径规划模型.改进A*(A-star)算法求解：为合理预估距离,采用欧氏距离与曼哈顿距离线性组合的方式设计启发函数;为提高搜索效率,引入双向搜索策略;为保证平稳飞行,采用B样条(B-spline)法进行路径优化.结果表明：模型可以实现多目标优化,具有有效性;算法与传统A*算法相比,规划时间少,规划路径航程短,高度变化少,飞行安全稳定.分析参数权重值得出：当3个子目标代价权重系数分别为0.4、0.1和0.5,2种距离权重系数分别为0.15和0.85时,规划路径最优.     

考虑行驶时间不确定性的合乘路径鲁棒优化方法

为应对实际合乘过程中时间不确定性带来的负面影响,本文研究不确定行驶时间下的合乘问题。采用预算不确定集合描述时间变量,引入不确定性水平可调节的预算系数,构建以车辆总里程最短和车辆数最少为目标的合乘路径鲁棒优化模型。并设计两阶段算法求解,第1阶段以两乘客间的可行合乘路径为基础,从车辆总里程节省率和乘客时间窗匹配灵活性两方面设计公式量化合乘匹配机会,以匹配机会为权重构建乘客图网络并聚类乘客需求;第2阶段设计以顺序插入启发式方法构造初始解的禁忌搜索算法求解。案例数据实验结果表明：本文聚类方法能保证优化质量并提高85%以上的计算效率,同时能缩减乘客等车时间和绕行距离;增大预算系数时解的鲁棒性逐渐提高,但会增加10%~40%的车辆数并降低1%~10%的里程节省率;大规模乘客案例和窄时间窗案例的合乘路径对不确定时间的敏感性更高,宽时间窗案例无需增加过多额外车辆和总里程就能达到较高水平的路径鲁棒性。     

交通网络最优路径搜索的蚁群算法

针对交通网络中最优路径搜索问题,本文提出一种基于蚁群算法的新的求解方法。首先从剖析最优路径问题的求解要求出发,探讨蚁群算法求解的优势,由于其并行性、正反馈、协作性等特点,能在较短的时间内发现较优解。然后,根据交通网络的特性,在基本蚁群算法的基础上,引入信息素限定规则,采用平滑机制进行局部更新,改进了全局更新模型等,使该算法更能满足交通系统最优路径的求解要求,降低了路径选择的复杂性,从而提高计算效率。对改进的模型进行的模拟实验和比较分析表明,该模型与算法的效果良好。该研究为交通系统最优路径问题开创了一条新的途径,同时显示出蚁群算法在交通分配中的良好使用前景。     

基于改进布谷鸟搜索算法的架桥机结构损伤识别

针对架桥机结构损伤的特点及布谷鸟搜索算法存在收敛速度慢、缺乏活力等问题,从动态发现概率、步长和莱维飞行三个方面对布谷鸟搜索算法进行了改进.以TLJ900型架桥机的主梁为研究对象,针对裂纹损伤,以固有频率和模态保证准则作为损伤检测的指标,用改进后的布谷鸟搜索算法对架桥机的结构进行了损伤识别.仿真结果表明：与其他智能优化算法相比,改进算法的收敛速度和全局寻优能力有明显的提升,能更准确的判断出架桥机结构损伤的位置和程度,故障识别精度更高.     

考虑可靠性的降级路网最优路径搜索方法

针对路网降级时路网出行时间的随机性和可靠性对出行者路径选择影响较大的问题,研究了降级路网可靠性路径的选择方法．基于BPR路段出行时间模型,构建了降级路网路径出行时间的均值模型及其可靠度模型．以路径出行时间最小、路径出行时间最可靠为目标,构建了路径选择的双目标加权规划模型,设计了基于改进蚁群算法的模型求解算法．算例分析表明：该算法能快速获取可靠的路径．