Nitroglycerin reduces augmentation index and central blood pressure independent of effects on cardiac preload

Objective To determine whether reduction In central pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by nitroglycerine (NTG) results from effects on pre-lead or is due to arterial dilation. Methods We compared effects of NTG with these of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Hemodyunmic measurements were made at rest, during LBNP (10, 20 and 30 mmHg, each for 15 min) and after NTG (10, 30 and 100μg/min, each dose for 15 min) in ten healthy volunteers. Cardiac pre-lead, stroke volume and cardiac output were assessed by echacardiography. Central pressure an mnentation and central systolic pressure were obtained by radial tonometry using a transfer function. Results LBNP (20 mmHg) and NTG (30μg/min) reduced pre-lead (as measured by the peak velocity of the S wave in the superior vena eava) to a similar degree [by (26. 8 ± 3.8) % and (23.9 ± 3. 4) %, respectively]. Compared to LBNP, NTG reduced systemic vascular resistance [by (32. 9 ± 7.5) %, p< 0. 01], decreased peripheral and central pressure augmentation [by (20. 8 ± 3. 4)% units and (12. 9±2. 9)% units, respectively, each P< 0. 01]. Conclusion These results suggest that a reduction in pre-load does not explain reduction in pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by NTG and that these effects are mediated through arterial dilation.     

锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2/C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2/C复合材料.并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试.XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的.透射电镜(TEM)结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10 nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹.纳米SnO2/C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性.     

斜交梁桥受力特性及设计研究

支承方式对桥梁结构的受力性能具有重要影响.与常规的正交支承桥梁结构不同,斜交支承条件下,桥梁结构表现出许多特殊的受力规律:由于弯扭耦合作用,在两端附近梁端内有较大负弯矩产生,支座反力不均匀,甚至会出现负拉力现象;在竖向荷载作用下,作为下部结构的桥台,也会表现出特有的受力特点,影响荷载较上部结构更加复杂.在分析了上部结构受力特性后,整体建模,分析了主梁和桥台的受力效应.研究了整体斜交角影响下的正交与斜交作用效应对比和桥台斜交角影响下的斜交梁桥作用效应对比.依据上述两种情况的对比分析结果,为斜交梁桥的上部结构设计以及桥台、桥墩设计提供科学的技术指导.     

独柱式曲线梁桥稳定性分析

以已建独柱墩梁桥稳定性验算为工程背景,对其横向倾覆事故进行分析,利用有限元进行建模计算,探讨梁体自重、预应力、活载等不同因素对曲线梁桥抗扭稳定性的影响.     

先简支后连续梁桥负弯矩区孔道压浆病害控制

先简支后连续梁桥结构兼顾了简支与连续体系的优点,可以减少桥墩上的伸缩缝,增强结构的整体性和行车的舒适性,既施工方便又经济合理。在这类桥梁的设计与施工过程中,对负弯矩区孔道压浆的质量进行控制,是保证工程质量的关键之一。     

高速公路交通事故非线性负二项预测模型

以京港澳高速公路（G4）粤境北段3年发生的1 354起交通事故为研究对象,将基础数据根据路段长度一致、曲线半径一致和坡度一致划分路段单元对基础数据进行处理,从道路线形和环境条件2个方面选取13个自变量,分别采用负二项（Negative Binomial,NB）回归模型和非线性负二项（Nonlinear Negative Binomial,NNB）回归模型建立交通事故起数预测模型,根据模型的拟合优度和预测准确性对比分析负二项回归和非线性负二项回归模型的优劣,并找出影响交通事故起数的显著自变量,分析显著自变量对交通事故起数的影响程度。研究结果表明：无论采用上述何种路段划分方法,非线性负二项回归模型构建的交通事故起数预测模型均优于负二项回归模型;采用坡度一致划分方法明显优于路段长度一致和曲线半径一致划分方法,更适合应用于山区高速公路交通事故数预测研究;从显著变量相关性来看,路段长度、相邻路段坡度变化值、弯坡组合、曲率、是否存在隧道路段以及是否为易结冰和起雾路段均是非线性模型的显著影响因素。     

钢管混凝土系杆拱桥吊杆施工张拉力计算

钢管混凝土系杆拱桥属于空间内部超静定结构,由于吊杆存在使得设计、施工控制变得比较复杂,针对钢管混凝土系杆拱桥施工过程中的吊杆施工张拉力计算问题,采用倒拆法和影响矩阵法相结合的方法,取得了比较好的效果。     

SVC和STATCOM在电气化铁道中的应用

针对目前国际上电气化铁道主要采用的供电方式，相应的负荷不平衡的特点，以及传统的通过提高电气化铁道变电所接人系统的短路容量来减小负序电流等做法的局限性进行了讨论。较为详细地介绍了SVC和STATCOM在电气化铁道中的具体应用，并进行了比较，指出适合中国当前国情的应用方式。     

负压非均匀分布边界条件下砂井地基固结解析

基于浅表层超软弱淤泥地基真空预压处理技术的特点,建立了浅表层超软弱淤泥砂井地基的固结理论。该理论的解析解考虑了浅表层超软弱淤泥地基真空预压处理技术所存在的负压非均匀分布的边界条件问题,更接近工程实际情况,计算精度可满足工程要求。     

Comparison of pedestrian trip generation models

Using Poisson regression and negative binomial regression, this paper presents an empirical comparison of four different regression models for the estimation of pedestrian demand at the regional level and finds the most appropriate model with reference to the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) 2001 data for the Baltimore (USA) region. The results show that Poisson regression seems to be more appropriate for pedestrian trip generation modeling in terms of χ² ratio test, Pseudo R², and Akaike's information criterion (AIC). However, R² based on deviance residuals and estimated log‐likelihood value at convergence confirmed the empirical studies that negative binomial regression is more appropriate for the over‐dispersed dependent variable than Poisson regression. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.